幼儿心理数线的发展：估计准确率与模式背后的策略

The Development of Children’s Mental Number Line:Strategies Behind the Estimation Accuracy and Model

通过对81名3~5岁幼儿心理数线发展特点及其在数线估计任务中使用策略的研究,探究幼儿数线估计策略的发展特点,数线估计策略与估计准确率、估计模式的关系,从而为促进幼儿心理数线发展提供启示。结果发现:(1)幼儿在数线估计任务中表现出丰富多样的估计策略;(2)估计策略具有年龄、估计情景差异和数线范围的差异;(3)估计策略与数线估计准确率、数线估计模式密切相关。幼儿在1~20数线范围内的估计准确率存在显著的策略差异。幼儿数线估计策略能够影响估计模式,各种估计模式中使用比例较高的是"数字关系"和"数数"策略,"标准线性模式"中各种有效策略运用的比例最高。

Based on the study of 81 children aged 3~5,children’s mental number line development characteristics and estimation strategies used in the number line task were explored to find the developmental characteristics of children’s number line estimation strategy,and the relationship between number line estimation strategy,estimation accuracy and estimation model,so as to provide enlightenment for measures to promote the development of children’s mental number line.The results showed that:1)Children showed a rich variety of estimation strategies.2)There were differences between estimation strategy and age,estimation situation as well as number line range.3)The estimation strategy was closely related to the accuracy of the number line estimation and the number line estimation model.There existed significant difference in the estimation strategies of children’s estimation accuracy in the range of 1~20 number lines.Children’s number line estimation strategy could affect the estimation model.The"number relation"and"counting number"strategies were used in a high proportion in various estimation models,and the"standard linear model"had the highest proportion of effective strategies.