济南四大泉群补给来源差异性研究

A study of the difference in supply sources of the four groups of springs in Jinan

济南泉水是中国北方岩溶泉水的典型代表。20世纪70年代以来,快速的城市化进程及过量开采造成济南泉水断流,尽管近几年采取补源措施,但效果并不理想,其根本原因是人工补源地点的选择缺乏科学依据。为确定济南泉域不同含水层对泉水的补给比例,根据泉水水位与水温监测、水化学指标测试、泉水电导率频率分析等方法,结合泉群出露区地质结构条件,研究泉水补给来源的差异性,确定济南泉域不同含水层对泉水的补给比例,为高效、精准补源及阐明泉水水化学成分形成与演化提供科学依据。研究表明:(1)岩溶含水层对趵突泉和黑虎泉的补给比例存在差异,其中张夏组含水层对趵突泉和黑虎泉的补给比例分别为31%~54%、24%~31%,奥陶系灰岩-寒武系凤山组灰岩含水层对趵突泉和黑虎泉的补给比例分别为45%~68%、68%~75%;(2)珍珠泉和潭西泉补给来源类同,潭西泉、珍珠泉张夏组含水层补给比例分别为60%~70%、60%,奥陶系灰岩-寒武系凤山组灰岩含水层补给比例分别为15%~17%、22%~25%,人工补源水补给比例分别为8%~21%、13%,孔隙水、裂隙水补给比例分别为6%、5%~6%;(3)泉水水温特征表明补给珍珠泉、潭西泉的地下水以深循环为主,并且受孔隙水、裂隙水补给,补源水对珍珠泉、潭西泉影响明显;(4)泉水位动态表明枯、丰水期黑虎泉与趵突泉的补给来源与方向存在一定差异,且黑虎泉地区奥陶系-寒武系凤山组灰岩岩溶发育更强烈。从宏观上,泉水补给来源于广泛分布的寒武-奥陶系灰岩区。微观上,不同岩溶含水层对四大泉群的补给强度存在明显差异,奥陶系含水层是泉水重要的补给来源,济南保泉人工回灌补源地点应选在奥陶系灰岩地区。

The Jinan spring is a typical representative of karst springs in North China. Since the 1970 s,the rapid urbanization process and excessive exploitation of groundwater have resulted in zero-discharge of the spring water. Although the measures to supplement the water source have been taken in recent years,the effect is not ideal. The basic reason is the lack of scientific basis for the selection of artificial supply sources.In order to determine the recharge ratio of different aquifers to the spring water in the Jinan spring area,according to the observations of the spring water level and water temperature,water quality index test,frequency analysis of spring water conductivity,and combined with the geological structure conditions of the spring area,the difference in spring water recharge sources is studied,and the recharge ratio of different aquifers to the spring water in the Jinan spring area is determined. The results show that( 1) the recharge ratio of the karst aquifers to the Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring is different. The recharge ratios of the Baotu spring and Heihu spring from the Zhangxia formation aquifer are 31%-54% and 24%-31%,respectively,and supply water from the limestone aquifer of the Ordovician Limestone-Cambrian Fengshan Formation accounts for 45%-68% and 68%-75%,respectively.( 2) The recharge sources of the Zhenzhu Spring and Tanxi Spring are the same. The recharge ratios of the Tanxi Spring and Zhenzhu Spring from the Zhangxia Formation are 60%-70% and 60%,respectively. The recharge ratios of limestone aquifer of the Ordovician LimestoneCambrian Fengshan Formation are 15%-17% and 22%-25%,respectively. The recharge ratios of artificial recharge are 8%-21% and 13%,and the recharge ratios of pore water and fissure water are 6% and 5%-6%.( 3) The characteristics of spring water temperature show that the groundwater of the Zhenzhu Spring and Tanxi Spring is mainly supplied by groundwater of deep circulation,and there are pore water and fissure water to supply the spring water,The influence of recharge water on the Zhenzhu Spring and Tanxi Spring is obvious.( 4) Spring water level dynamics show that there are some differences in the source and direction of recharge between the Heihu spring and Baotu spring in dry and wet seasons,and the karst development in the limestone aquifer of the Ordovician Limestone-Cambrian Fengshan Formation is stronger in the Heihu spring area. Macroscopically, the spring water supply comes from the widely distributed Cambrian-Ordovician limestone area. Microscopically,the recharge intensity of different karst aquifers to the four major spring groups is obviously different. The Ordovician aquifer is an important recharge source of the spring water. The Ordovician limestone area is the site of artificial recharge source for maintaining the emergence of the spring water.