论我国法院判定专利权效力的界限——专利无效判断方式的原则与例外

On the Limits of Chinese Courts’ Determination of Patent Validity: Principles and Exceptions of Patent Invalidation

学界对于专利侵权纠纷与确权纠纷解决“双轨制构造”批评颇多,有关问题的解决思路也争议良多、尚难以达成统一意见。专利法需要改革,但改革离不开理论支撑,不可违背基本法理“自说自话”。学者们尚未足够重视专利权有效性推定对于专利无效判断方式所带来的影响。明晰“双轨制构造”背后存在的法理基础,为专利法改革提供基础理论支持,显得尤为重要。在现有的法理基础上进行专利法改革,法院原则上应充分尊重专利局的确权职能,只有在例外的情况下,也即当然无效的情形下才能直接判定专利权效力。

Academic circles have frequently criticized the“dual-track system”dispute settlement mechanism for patent infringement and patent validity.There have been many disputes about how cases involving ideas should be settled,and even now it has still been difficult to reach a unified opinion on the subject.Chinese patent laws certainly need to undergo reform,but reform cannot be made which violates the basic jurisprudence of making legal changes based solely on the face value of the ideas of a select few without theoretical support.Few scholars have noticed the impact that the presumption of patent validity has had on the patent con firmation system.It is particularly important that the legal basis behind the existence of the“dual-track system”is clari fied and basic theoretical support for patent law reform is provided.Reforming on the basis of existing jurisprudence,the court should,in principle,fully respect the power of the patent of fice,and only in exceptional cases,that is,the defense of de finite invalidation of patents in litigation.