新型信息素诱剂对新疆梨园蛾类害虫的诱捕效果评价

Mass-trapping Fruit-boring Moths using Kairomone Lures in Pear Orchards in Xinjiang

利用性诱剂干扰交配或诱杀钻蛀性蛾类害虫是果园害虫生物防治的重要途径之一,研发既诱雄蛾也诱雌蛾的新型诱剂近年来颇受关注。本研究在苹果蠹蛾性信息素基础上,加入寄主植物挥发物--梨酯、苯乙酮、香叶醇、冬青油和苯乙醇等制成若干配方,在南疆两地(库尔勒与阿克苏地区)梨园中于蛾类害虫发生的早期和中期进行诱捕试验。对苹果蠹蛾诱集结果表明,虽然与仅含性信息素配方相比,添加植物挥发物的配方可诱集到雌蛾,但诱集虫量较少。对梨小食心虫的诱集结果表明,在库尔勒,大部分配方诱到的虫量多于商品诱剂(对照),其中,在性信息素中添加少量植物挥发性物质的配方诱集的虫量总体较多;在阿克苏,所有配方诱集的虫量均多于对照,在性信息素中是否添加植物挥发物质对诱集效果总体上没有影响。对优斑螟的诱集结果表明,仅含2种性信息素物质的配方诱集的虫量最大,与加入少量梨脂的配方接近。果园诱集试验结果说明,在苹果蠹蛾性信息素中添加梨脂等多种寄主植物挥发物的供试配方诱集雌蛾效果不理想,但对多种混合发生的夜蛾害虫雄性具有较好诱集效果。

Mass-trapping with kairomone lures is one of the control approaches in management of fruit-boring moth pests in orchards. The challenge lies in developing kairomone lures that can trap both males and females. We conducted field trials in pear orchards to examine the trapping efficacy of kairomone lure preparations that varied in proportion and combination of codling moth sex pheromone and plant volatile chemicals, including pear ester, acetophenone, geraniol, Methyl salicylate, and 2-phenylethanol. A commercial codling moth sex pheromone was used as the control. The tapping trials were tested during the early and middle occurrence of major fruit-boring moths in pear orchards at Kurle and Aksu in southern Xinjiang. The trap catches of Cydia pomonella at both sites showed that the lure preparations containing both sex pheromone and plant chemicals caught more females compared to those containing only sex pheromones;yet the number of females trapped was still small. The trap catches of Grapholitha molesta at Kurle showed that most of the lure preparations caught more moths than the control;the lures containing both sex pheromone and a small amount of plant chemicals that were devoid of pear ester trapped somewhat more than those with only sex pheromones. At Aksu, all lure preparations trapped more C. pomonella moths than the commercial product;there was not a difference between those with and without plant chemicals. The trapping catches of Euzophera pyriella showed that the lure preparations containing only sex pheromone or its mixture with pear ester trapped more moths than the other preparations. Our mass-trapping results suggest that tested lure preparations containing both C. pomonella sex pheromone and plant volatile chemicals are not effective in attracting C. pomonella females, but some are effective to male noctuid moths co-occurring in the orchards.