晚清海军人才培养途径、模式及制约因素——兼与日本比较

A Comparative Study of Ways, Models and Restrictive Factors of Naval Personnel Training in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清海军人才培养途径是自主培养与外派留学生相结合,培养模式是以"中体西用"为指导思想、以培养文理兼通的应用型人才为目标、以理论课程与实践课程相结合为教学内容、以教学规章和学生行为规范为制度保障。由于晚清政治体制腐朽、财政危机、观念守旧等因素制约,使得海军人才培养在顶层设计、统一领导、专业设置、制度保障、财政投入以及人才激励等方面和同时期的日本相比还存在一定的差距,从而对甲午战争胜败产生了关键影响。

The naval talents training in Late Qing Dynasty was characteristic of independent training and overseas study, guided by the ideology of "Chinese-style use of Western modes", which aimed at training applied talents to be acquainted with both liberal arts and science in theoretical and practical courses to be guaranteed by teaching rules and students’ behavior norms. Due to the corruptive political system, financial crisis and conservative ideas of the late Qing Dynasty, gaps were expanded in the top-level design, unified leadership, professional setup, system guarantee, fiscal input and incentives in the late Qing Dynasty, compared with Japan in the same period. It is this far-reaching gap that led to Qing Navy’s failure in the Sino-Japanese War.