2018年宁夏富士系苹果花期遭受晚霜冻灾害影响分析

Investigation and Analysis of Late Frost during Fuji Apple Flowering Period of Ningxia in 2018

2018年4月4日-8日受强冷空气影响,宁夏全区温度迅速下降,出现了大范围霜冻灾害过程,对经济果林造成了严重影响。富士系苹果是宁夏主栽品种之一,开花早,花期抗寒性差,受本次霜冻灾害影响严重。为综合分析此次春季霜冻对宁夏富士系苹果造成的影响,文章运用调查和统计方法,分析其花期霜冻情况。调查结果表明,90%以上的调查地的苹果树全开花且全部受冻,花蕾受冻情况差异较大。其中,中卫宣和西沟村、金龙村花蕾霜冻最严重,青铜峡甘城子政府西最轻,两者相差53.6%。此次霜冻灾害过程多地温度低于-3℃,且0℃以下持续时间较长,中卫宣和金龙村出现极端低温天气,最低温-8.1℃,低于-3.5℃累积11 h,造成该地苹果花器官全部冻死。本次调查的苹果花期受灾程度与最低温及低温持续时间不成简单线性关系,然而其结果可作为苹果花期遭受霜冻的一个参考,可为霜冻来临前采取有效预防措施及时提供信息,也有助于进一步把握宁夏苹果产业受霜冻危害的潜在危险性。

On April 4~8,2018,the temperature in Ningxia declined rapidly and large-scale frost disaster affected by strong cold air occurred,which had a serious impact on the economic fruit forest.Fuji apple is one of the main varieties in Ningxia.It had early flowering and poor cold resistance during flowering,which was seriously affected by this frost disaster.In order to comprehensively analyze the impact of this spring frost on Fuji apples in Ningxia,the article used survey and statistical methods to analyze the flowering frost.The results showed that full flowering of more than 90%of the surveyed areas were almost completely frozen.The flower buds were subject to different degrees of freezing,among them,Xuanhexigou Village and Jinlong Village of Zhongwei City had the most serious frost,and Ganchengzi Government of Qingtongxia City was the lightest,with a difference of 53.6%.During the frost disaster,the temperature in many survey sites was lower than-3℃,and the duration below 0℃was longer.Jinlong Village experienced extremely cold weather,the lowest temperature was-8.1℃,and the accumulation was lower than-3.5℃for 11 hours,causing all the apple flower organs in the area to freeze death;and it also was helpful to further understanding of the potential risk of the apple industry in Ningxia to suffer frost.