危重患者家属对器官捐献的态度及其影响因素分析

Analysis on attitudes and factors influencing attitudes of family members of critically-ill patients towards organ donation

目的探讨危重患者家属对器官捐献的态度,分析影响家属最终决定是否捐献的相关因素。方法对300例危重病患者的家属进行器官捐献问卷调查,根据家属是否有器官捐献意愿分为有意愿组与无意愿组,分析影响家属器官捐献意愿的相关因素。结果(1)有意愿组器官捐献相关知识认知城府、对患者的死亡态度评分、家庭讨论意愿评分及受教育程度优于无意愿组,周围亲属有捐献意愿的比例高于无意愿组,且年龄小于无意愿组(P<0.05);(2)在影响家属最终意愿方面,无意愿组传统文化观念因素占比显著高于有意愿组(P<0.05);在增加家属捐献意愿方面,无意愿组适当经济补偿选项占比较高(P<0.05);(3)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,对器官捐献知识认知程度高、家庭讨论意愿评分高、周围亲友有捐献经历及对患者死亡态度评分高是提高家属器官捐献意愿的独立影响因素(P<0.05),传统文化观念和缺乏经济补偿是降低家属捐献意愿的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论家属本身对器官捐献认知程度、对患者死亡的态度及家庭成员的支持度,很大程度上会影响最终捐献意愿;而适当的经济补偿,可能会增强患者家属的器官捐献意愿。

Objective To explore the attitudes of family members of critically-ill patients towards organ donation,and to analyze the relevant factors that influence the family members'final willingness for organ donation.Methods A questionnaire survey themed on organ donation was conducted for the family members of 300 critically-ill patients.The family members were divided into group A(who have the willingness to donate organs)and group B(who have no willingness to donate organs),and the relevant factors that influence the willingness of family members for organ donation were analyzed.Results(1)Group A was superior to group B in terms of knowledge related to and awareness of organ donation,score of attitudes toward the death of patients,score of willingness to have family discussion and educational level.The proportion of relatives in group A who were willing to donate was higher than that in group B,and group A was younger than group B(P<0.05);(2)In terms of factors decreasing the final willingness of family members,traditional cultural concept was more accountable in group B than in group A(P<0.05);in terms of factors increasing family members'willingness to donate,appropriate economic compensation contributed more in group B than in group A(P<0.05);(3)Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher awareness of organ donation,higher score of willingness to have family discussion,relevant experience of organ donation from relatives,and higher score of attitude towards the death of patients were independent influencing factors that can raise the willingness of family members to donate organs(P<0.05),while traditional cultural concepts and lack of economic compensation were independent factors that can reduce family members'willingness to donate(P<0.05).Conclusion Family members'awareness of organ donation and their attitudes towards the death of the patients,along with support from other family members greatly influence their willingness to donate.Appropriate economic compensation may increase the willingness of the patient's family to donate organs.