STEM课程校本开发的国际经验与启示

The International Experiences and Thoughts of School-based STEM Curriculum Development

在STEM教育起步阶段,课程选择是教学实践的首要问题。通过文献分析发现,“国家或地方非营利性组织机构”提供的支持或指导型STEM课程、“第三方机构”提供的直接交付型STEM课程以及学校自主开发或与其它组织合作开发的校本开发型STEM课程构成了STEM课程可选择的三种类型。其中,兼具“学生发展立场-学校改革创新-教师专业实践”多重内涵的“校本开发型STEM课程”是办学主体实践智慧的凝结。国际上主要从教育决策、学校发展定位、教师专业发展、课程开发方法和策略等四个方面展开STEM课程校本开发的研究和实践。STEM课程校本开发的国际经验为我国STEM教育起步和发展提供了有益借鉴。

In the initial stage of STEM education.Choosing whose curriculum is the primary question in teaching practice.Through the literature analysis,we find three kinds of STEM curriculums.The first one is support and guidance curriculum,which is provided by“national or local nonprofit organization”.The second one is direct delivery curriculum,which is provided by“third parties”.And the third one is self-developed by STEM schools,general schools or cooperate with other organizations,we call it self-developed curriculum.Among them,“the school-based STEM curriculum development”is the focus reflection of the self-developed curriculum,which aims at crossing the existing school curriculum,promoting the professional development of teachers,integrating the school resources and highlighting the characteristics of school.Foreign scholars make researches in the following four aspects:“the implementation and reform of school STEM curriculum”in educational decision making,school’s pursuit and action on“science innovative education”,STEM teachers change from“implementers”to“learners,designers and practitioners”,basic elements and developing process of STEM curriculums.The research results of school-based STEM curriculum development in foreign countries provide a useful reference for the development of STEM education in China.