‘瑞阳’和‘瑞雪’苹果及其亲本果实中主要营养成分的比较分析

Comparative analysis of main nutritions of apple varieties ’Ruiyang’,’Ruixue’ and their parents

【目的】对苹果新品种‘瑞阳’和‘瑞雪’及其亲本果实中主要糖酸、酚类、矿物质及维生素类物质的含量进行差异分析,为完善新品种的果实评价体系和推广提供理论依据。【方法】以‘瑞阳’和‘瑞雪’及其亲本‘秦冠‘’富士’和‘粉红女士’果实为材料,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术对果实中主要糖酸、酚类和维生素类物质的组成与含量进行分析,使用原子吸收分光光度计对果实中矿物质含量进行测定。【结果】在成熟期‘,瑞阳’和‘瑞雪’及其亲本果实中所含主要糖酸、酚类、维生素类及矿物质的组分一致,但含量差异显著‘。瑞阳’果皮中酚类物质总量显著高于其亲本‘富士’和‘秦冠’,其中根皮苷和绿原酸含量显著高于‘富士’‘;瑞雪’果皮中酚类物质总量接近‘富士’,低于‘粉红女士’,介于双亲之间,其中表儿茶素和儿茶素含量显著高于‘富士’。5个参试品种中钾、钙、镁含量相对较高,铁、锌含量较低‘,瑞阳’果实中Ca含量接近‘富士’,显著高于‘秦冠’‘,瑞雪’果实中Ca、Zn含量显著高于‘富士’。冷藏期间,5个参试品种中糖酸、酚类和维生素类物质的变化趋势相近,但在不同的品种间存在稍微差异。【结论】‘瑞阳’果实中酚类和矿物质明显优于‘秦冠’,接近‘富士’,最佳食用期为冷藏60 d左右‘;瑞雪’果实继承了‘粉红女士’的诸多优点,果实中苹果酸、维生素C、矿物质Ca含量显著高于‘富士’,最佳食用期为冷藏90 d左右。

【Objective】‘Ruiyang’‘Ruixue’and their parents‘Qin Guan’‘Fuji’and‘Cripps Pink’were used as experimental materials to analyze the differences in the main nutrients in fruit,and the effects of cold storage on the main nutritional components were studied,in order to improve the evaluation system and popularize new apple varieties.【Methods】The composition and contents of major sugars,organic acids,polyphenols and vitamins in apple fruits were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and mineral substances were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS).【Results】Our results showed that the compositions of the main sugars,organic acids,polyphenols and minerals in‘Ruiyang’‘Ruixue’and their parents were quite similar,whereas their contents differed significantly.The total amount of polyphenols in‘Ruiyang’peel was significantly higher than in their parents‘Fuji’and‘Qinguan’.In addition,the phloridzin and chlorogenic acid contents in‘Ruiyang’were significantly higher than‘Fuji’;the polyphenols in‘Ruixue’was lower than in‘Cripps Pink’but similar to that of‘Fuji’.Besides,the epicatechin and catechin contents in‘Ruixue’were significantly higher those in‘Fuji’.The contents of K,Ca and Mg in the five cultivars were relatively high,followed by Zn and Fe.The content of Ca in‘Ruiyang’fruit was close to that in‘Fuji’,which was significantly higher than that in‘Qinguan’,and the contents of Ca and Zn in‘Ruixue’were significantly higher than in‘Fuji’.During cold storage,the changes on sugars,Organic acids,vitamins,minerals and polyphenols were similar,but slightly different among different apple varieties.【Conclusion】The analysis of sugars,Organic acids,vitamins,minerals and polyphenols in the new apple varieties,‘Ruiyang’and‘Ruixue’and their parents‘Qinguan’,‘Fuji’and‘Cripps Pink’,indicated that the polyphenol and minerals in‘Ruiyang’fruit are obviously higher than those in‘Qinguan’and close to those in‘Fuji’,and‘Ruixue’has combined many advantages of‘Cripps Pink’with rich malic acid,vitamin C and mineral Ca.At the same time,during cold storage,the changes in sugars,acids,polyphenols and vitamins in the five varieties were similar with slight difference among different varieties.The optimum palatable period of‘Ruiyang’fruit was about 60 days of cold storage,and that of‘Ruixue’about 90 days.