霍菲尔德权利分析理论对法理学实践价值的启示

Inspirations on Practical Value of Jurisprudence from Hohfeld’s Analytical Theory of Rights

霍菲尔德建立其抽象的权利分析理论的初衷乃是为解决法学理论和法律实践中的概念混乱问题。为此,他致力于基本法律概念的比较和厘清,继承分析实证主义者对于权利概念分析的传统,发展了萨尔蒙德的分析体系,从相关关系和相反关系的框架中讨论了八个具体的权利概念,建构了其著名的权利理论。本文简要介绍了霍菲尔德的理论溯源,并对如何正确认识和看待霍菲尔德的权利理论提供了几点提示,最后从“分析法学的实践价值”、“法律概念的日常分析”以及“法律的最小公分母”等几个角度归纳霍菲尔德的权利分析理论对于法理学实践价值方面的启示。

analytical theory is to solve the conceptual confusion in legal theory and practice.To this end,he devoted himself to the comparison and clarification of basic legal concepts,inherited the positivists’tradition on analyses of rights,developed Salmond’s analysis system,discussed eight specific rights concepts in the framework of correlative relation and opposite relation,and constructed his famous theory of rights.Hohfeld’s theory sources are briefly introduced,some hints on understanding his theory of rights are provided,and finally inspirations on the practical value of jurisprudence are discussed from the perspectives of“the practical value of analytical jurisprudence”,“the daily analysis of legal concept”and“the lowest common denominator of law”in this article.