医养结合背景下居家养老护理服务需求调查

Investigation on the Need of Home-based Care for the Aged under the Combination of Medical and Health Care

目的了解社区居家养老老人对护理服务的需求情况,为开展针对性护理提供依据。方法采用自行编制的调查问卷于2018年8月对上海市徐汇区康健街道的750名居家老人进行现场问卷调查。调查内容包括:老人一般资料以及对医养结合相关政策知晓程度、对健康及护理服务的需求和满意度情况。结果被调查的750名社区老人的平均年龄为(72.62±8.17)岁,87.5%具有初中及以上文化程度,59.1%的老人缺乏照护人员,74.1%的老人患有一种及以上慢性病,79.4%的老人不知晓医养结合,92.1%的老人对提供居家护理服务项目所知甚少。护理需求中排序前3位的是输液(52.5%)、抽血检验(42.2%)和疼痛护理(9.9%),83.0%的接受过相关服务的老人对目前居家养老护理服务感到满意。结论目前居家养老的老人年龄偏大、合并的慢性疾病多,且缺乏照护人员,对居家养老护理服务需求高。今后需针对居家老年人的需求,建立健全的居家养老护理服务模式,以满足其医疗健康服务需求。

Objective To learn the need for nursing services of the elderly receiving community-based or home-based care and to provide basis for carrying out targeted nursing. Methods A self-prepared questionnaire was used for site survey on 750 homebound elderly in Kangjian Sub-district, Xuhui District,Shanghai City in August 2018. The contents covered: general information of the elderly, the awareness of policies related to the combination of medical and health care, as well as the need for and the satisfaction with health and care services. Results The average age of the 750 elderly surveyed was 72.62 ± 8.17,87.5% of them received junior high school education or above, 59.1% lacked caregivers, 74.1% suffered from one or more chronic diseases, 79.4% knew nothing about the combination of medical and health care,a nd 92.05% knew little about service items of home-based care. The top three occasions requiring nursing were transfusion(52.5%), blood test(42.2%) and pain care(9.9%), and 83.0% of the elderly who had received relevant services were satisfied with the current home-based care for the aged.Conclusion At present, the elderly who receive home-based care are relatively older, often suffering from chronic diseases and lacking caregivers, thus they have a high demand for home-based care services. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a sound home-based nursing service model for the elderly to meet their needs of medical and health services.