四川三台麦冬产区生长调节剂使用情况调研及残留研究

Study on Application and Residue Analysis of Plant Growth Regulator in Ophiopogon japonicus in Santai County of Sichuan Province

目的:了解四川省三台县麦冬产区生长调节剂使用状况,测定其在药材和土壤中的残留情况。方法:实地调研,采集麦冬和土壤样品,采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS)方法测定生长调节剂残留量。结果:麦冬种植过程共有5种生长调节剂产品被使用,被调查农户中约97%使用多效唑,其中26%使用多效唑的同时使用其他产品提高产量,17%使用烯效唑,9%使用膨大素、壮根灵和多生果,调查农户中仅3%没有使用任何植物生长调节剂;样品中多效唑、烯效唑残留量分别为0.106~1.727、0.003~0.041 mg·kg-1,53%样品中多效唑残留量超过了《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》中规定的0.5 mg·kg-1;37%样品中烯效唑残留量超过《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》规定的0.02 mg·kg-1;土壤中多效唑、烯效唑残留量分别为0.201~11.255、0.180~0.327 mg·kg-1。结论:三台县麦冬种植过程中生长调节剂使用非常普遍,生长调节剂在药材及其种植土壤中残留严重。

Objective:To study usage and residues of plant growth regulator in Ophiopogon japonicus from Santai county of Sichun province.Methods:The experiment was carried out by field survey,36 soil and O.japonicus samples were collected from plantation areas to determine the residues of plant growth regulator by gas chromatography.Results:The results showed that 5 kinds of growth regulators were applied during O.japonicus growing.Among surveyed farmers,about 97%of them use paclobutrazol,among which 26%used paclobutrazol while using other products,17%used uniconazole,9%used″pengdaji″,″duoshengguo″and″zhuanggenling″,only 3%of them didn′t apply any plant growth regulator.The contents of residues of paclobutrazol and uniconazole in soil are 0.201-11.255 mg·kg-1 and 0.180-0.327 mg·kg-1,respectively;in O.japonicus,the contents of residues of paclobutrazol and uniconazole were 0.106-1.727 mg·kg-1 and 0.003-0.041 mg·kg-1,respectively.In O.japonicus,the residues of paclobutrazol in 53%sample over 0.5 mg·kg-1 stipulated in the″Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food″,the uniconazole residues in 37%sample exceed the upper limit of 0.02 mg·kg-1,which is stipulated in″Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food″.Conclusion:All evidences prove conclusively that growth regulators have been abused,causing serious residues in medicinal materials and its planting soil,threating the safe and sustainable development of O.japonicus in Santai country.