《为党生活的人》的伦理悖论与伦理启示

The Ethical Paradox and Ethical Inspiration of Life of a Party Member

小林多喜二的《为党生活的人》自战后以来一直在日本饱受争议的一部无产阶级文学作品。有的研究者认为,日本共产党党员“安治”处理私人关系的方式是公而忘私的革命精神的体现,有的则认为是为了目的不择手段的非道德行为。从文学伦理学批评的视域来看,安治是否应当回家看望母亲以及是否应当经常在家陪伴女友的命题,在小说所设定的伦理环境和伦理身份的约束之下,均构成了伦理悖论。但是,安治在面临两难困境之时,坚定地作出了以革命事业为先,恪守革命党员道德规范的伦理选择。并且,安治还试图以同母亲、女友建立革命伦理关系的方式来实现对伦理悖论的超越和解围。小说通过安治的伦理选择表达了革命者应与家人建构革命伦理关系,以革命伦理为最高道德准则的伦理启示。

Takiji Kobayashi’s life of a party member has been a controversial work of proletarian literature in Japan since World War II.Some researchers believe that the way how Yasuji,as a member of Japanese Communist Party deal with personal relationships is a manifestation of revolutionary spirit,but other researchers think that Yasuji used unscrupulous tactics which is non-moral.From the perspective of Literary Ethics Criticism,we find that the question of Yasuji whether should go home visiting his mother or not,and whether should stay home more often to keep girlfriend company,are both ethical paradoxes,causing by the restriction of specific ethical environment and ethical identity.However,In the face of these paradoxes,Yasuji made the ethical choice to take revolutionary as the first,and to scrupulously abide the moral standards as a revolutionary party member.Moreover,Yasuji tried hardly to dissolute and transcendent the ethical paradox by establishing revolutionary ethical relationship with his mother and girlfriend.Through the ethical choice of Yasuji,the novel expressed the ethical inspiration that revolutionaries should construct revolutionary ethical relations with their families,and take revolutionary ethics as the highest moral principles.