《摆手歌》的渊源路径及其审美特性

On the Origin and Path and Aesthetic Characteristics of Baishou Songs

土家族长篇史诗《摆手歌》的天地来源之歌,是巴楚先民对远古时期图景的神话式创造与理解,其以质朴的宇宙观阐释着天地和自身的渊源,土民以天为“墨”,同时在天地之力与自由意志中孕育、繁衍、生息;《摆手歌》之民族迁徙歌所示土家族先民流布转移路径实则发生在中古时期,理应作为五代十国到宋崇宁年间湘鄂蛮族浴血奋战之后的北迁之歌;《摆手歌》呈现了巴楚之地蛮儿巴女的来源、迁徙、劳动、斗争、创业的历程,具有民间俚俗的绵延性、源流脉络的寻根性、杂芜朴质的原发性。

The Song of Heaven and Earth in Tujia Nationality long epic Baishou Songs is the Baihu ancestors’mythological creation and understanding of the visions of ancient times.It explains the origin of heaven and earth and itself in terms of a simple cosmology.Tujia people call the heaven“Mo35”,at the same time,they breed,multiply,and live in the power of heaven and earth and free will.National Migratory Song in Baishou Songs shows the transfer path of the Tujia ancestors in the Medieval times of China.It should be considered as the song of the northward movement after man nationality’s bloody battle in the Hunan and Hubei from Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the years of Chongning in Song Dynasty.Baishou Songs presents the origin,migration,labor,struggle,and pioneering of the Bachu people.It has the continuity of folk customs,the root-seeking nature of the origins,and the primary nature of the rough and rustic.