可燃冰开发中的海洋生态环境保护政策制定研究——以交易成本理论为分析视角

Study on the Formulation of Marine Ecological and Environmental Protection Policies in the Development of Combustible Ice——From the Perspective of Transaction Costs Theory

可燃冰开发中存在着较大的环境风险。了解可燃冰开发中海洋生态环境保护政策制定的交易成本,是利用交易成本理论分析相关问题并有针对性地防范和解决可燃冰开发中环境污染问题的基础。可燃冰开发中海洋生态环境保护政策制定的交易成本主要包括调查和信息成本、维护交易秩序的成本、资产专用性产生的交易成本、不确定性与复杂性带来的交易成本等。在可燃冰开发的生态环境保护政策制定中,不同类型的交易成本需要强化还是弱化,不能一概而论。为了避免先污染后治理的乱象重演,在关于可燃冰开发的生态环境保护政策制定中,应着力采取的措施是:加大维护交易秩序的成本,通过政策授权的方式降低调查和信息收集的成本,利用制度性交易成本减缓政策制定中的不确定性与复杂性等。

There are great environmental risks in the development of combustible ice. It is important to understand the distribution of transaction cost;it is the basis of analyzing relevant problems and solving pollution problems in the development of combustible ice. The transaction costs of marine ecological environmental protection policy are mainly distributed on the costs of investigation and information, the costs of maintaining the transaction order, the costs generated by asset specificity, and the costs in the stage of policy formulation and policy implementation. The transaction costs need to be strengthened or weakened, depending on different types of costs. In order to avoid chaos of ’pollution first treatment later’, measures should be taken to increase the cost of maintaining trading order, reduce the cost of investigation and information collection through policy authorized and slow the uncertainty and complexity of policy formulation by the use of institutional transaction costs.