中国个人资本所得税的收入再分配效应——实证测算与方案模拟

The Redistribution Effect of China’s Personal Capital Income Tax: Measurement and Simulation

中国居民收入分配差距的不断扩大与资本收入份额的显著提高密不可分,评估中国个人资本所得税的收入再分配效应并适时进行课税调整刻不容缓。基于CHFS2013数据,采用修正的MT指数和效应分解方法,对中国个人资本所得税的收入再分配效应及其影响因素进行了测算。研究发现:中国个人资本所得税整体收入调节效果甚微,利息、股息和红利所得税阶层累退性十分明显;同时,基于综合与分类相结合的个税改革趋势,结合14种课税方案的再分配效应模拟,选择将个人利息、股息和红利收入以及财产转让收入一同与劳动收入纳入"大综合"范畴,将财产租赁收入放在"小分类"类别的半综合征税模式,可作为中国下一步个税改革的优化选择。

The widening income distribution gap in China is closely related to the significant increase of capital income share. So that it is urgent to evaluate the income redistribution effect of China’s personal capital income tax.Based on CFHS2013 data, this paper uses the modified MT index and decomposition method to measure the income redistribution effect of China’s personal capital income tax and its influencing factors.The study finds that the overall redistribution effect of China’s personal capital income tax is very little, and the regression of interest and dividend income tax is far more obviously.At the same time, based on the trend of tax reform combined with synthesis and classification in personal income tax, this paper designs 14 schemes to simulate the effects.The results show that a SCIT model that includes personal interest and dividend income, as well as property transfer income, together with the labor income in the category of "synthesis", and property rental income in the category of "classification" can be an optimal choice for China’s next personal income tax reform.