“诗史”观念与苏轼的诗题

The Concept of Poetry as History Writing and Su Shi?s Poetic Topics

抒情诗如何具备"史"的内涵,亦即诗人要运用怎样的方式使叙事成分在他的文本中发挥其功能,这需要作一番考察,以苏轼为例,最值得关注的就是他制作诗题的方式了。不过,呈现于通行本《苏轼诗集》的诗题,实际上有不同的形成途径,需要通过文献学的考订,来确定其当初的原貌;在此基础上,联系北宋时期逐渐丰富的"诗史"观念,可以看出苏轼撰拟诗题时的主观意识。利用题、序、自注等"副文本"与正文适当配合,使"副文本"凸显"史",而正文仍维持"诗"的抒情传统,是宋人"诗史"观念付诸写作实践的基本方法,知见所及,大约是苏轼有意识地奠定了这一方法。

It is interesting to explore how lyric poetry takes on a historical element, or how poets make a narrative out of their writing. A case in point is the way how Su Shi, the Northern Song poet, comes up with his poetic topics. Taking the Su Shi?s Collection of Poems as an example, we need textual evidence to see how Su Shi has come up with the different topics for those poems. If we associate this subject with the concept of poetry as history writing, which was becoming increasingly important in Northern Song, we can understand Su Shi?s conscious choice of poetic topics as a narrative. A basic approach of Song poets is the integration of such para-texts as titles, introductions and annotations, which serve as a record of poetic history, into their poetic composition, and Su Shi, as far as we can see from extant literature, is the conscious pioneer in this respect.