臆度与漫说:七纬释词的诠释学立场及态度

Conjecture and Comment:The Position and Attitude of Hermeneutics to Lexical Explanation in Collection of Seven Wei Books

西汉经学有自我润色的传统,无限阐释导致章句之学的繁琐而又冗长,动辄数万言甚至十几万言,博士弟子疲老而不能究其一艺。谶纬兴起之后,烦难的经学章句受到很大的冲击。谶纬说经极具简单化,又有很大的随意性,在某种程度上符合了东汉兴起的章句减省运动。谶纬说经的臆度与猜测,包意名事、拆分释义、比类合谊、滋蔓敷衍的特点,增加了经典阐释的通俗性,而其对于经学理论所产生的破坏性影响不容忽视,且流毒深远。

The study of Confucian classics in the Western Han Dynasty had a tradition of self-embellishing, for that of infinite interpretation made the study of Zhang Ju(one that focuses on explaining the discourses, sentences and characters of Confucian classics) not only cumbersome but lengthy, which hold more than tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands words that often kept the Confucian scholars and their disciples who could not delve themselves into one aspect of this study until the old age within tired stage. After the rise of Chen Wei(divination combined with mystical Confucianist belief), the troublesome and laborious study of Confucian classics and Zhang Ju had been greatly impacted. The approach of Chen Wei’s interpretation on Confucian classics was in a level of simplification extremely and randomness largely, which accorded with the movement of reduction and omission in Zhang Ju that emerged in Eastern Han Dynasty to some extent. The characteristics of conjecture and speculation, containing meaning and explaining things,splitting the explanation, connecting and arranging the same things so as to summarize and synthesize their meanings, expansion of perfunctory in approach of Chen Wei’s interpretation on Confucian classics, which increased the popularity of classic interpretation, for its destructive influence on the theory of Confucian classics could not be ignored and that of pernicious spread would remain profound and far-reaching at a long time.