中国文学在西方多媒介传播的社会学分析——以莫言《红高粱家族》为例

A Sociological Analysis of Multimedia Dissemination of Chinese Literature in the West:the Case of Mo Yan’s Red Sorghum

运用布迪厄的场域理论和拉图尔等人的行动者网络理论,考察莫言《红高粱家族》在英语世界从文字媒介、影视媒介、翻译文本媒介,再到网络媒介的多媒介交互传播过程。在此过程中,影视、翻译文本、网络等传播媒介与作者、导演、译者、原作及译作等行动者共同构建了一个多媒介交互传播行动者网络,有关行动者通过资本的运作相互连结,形成文学场域、影视场域、翻译场域及互联网场域的互动,使得行动者网络有效运行,从而推动了该小说在西方的广泛传播。研究表明,中国文学海外传播不仅依赖“译介与传播行动者网络”的构建和运作,也需要调动各种媒介手段,形成各种媒介的互动。

This article presents a case study of the multimedia dissemination of Mo Yan’s novel Red Sorghum in the Anglophone world,using field theory by Pierre Bourdieu and actor-network theory by Bruno Latour et al.It is hypothesized that(1)in the process of multimedia dissemination,an actor network is constructed through the audio-visual medium,the translated text,the internet and by other actors,including the author,the film director,the translator,the novel and its English version,etc.;(2)the actors are all connected in the network through the transformation of capital;(3)Mo Yan’s novel moves across a literary field,an audio-visual field,a translation field and an internet field,and the fields in which these media are situated interact with each other,thus contributing to the novel’s successful dissemination in the West.It is argued that the effective dissemination of Chinese literature abroad depends not only on the workings of a“translation and circulation actor network”,but also on the adoption of a multimedia approach,with various media engaging in the circulation network.