稻草还田对土壤养分及水稻生物量和产量的影响

Effects of Rice Straw Returning on Soil Nutrients,Rice Biomass and Yield

稻草还田作为最便捷的水稻秸秆利用方式,对水稻生产和土壤培肥具有重要意义。为探明稻草还田对土壤养分和机插水稻生长的影响,设置稻草还田(HR)和稻草不还田(BR)两个处理,通过测定水稻生育特性和产量等指标,土壤全量养分和速效养分等性状,进行对比试验。结果表明:稻草还田能显著降低机插水稻株高达4.1cm,使每蔸水稻平均增加3.2个有效分蘖,显著增加水稻有效穗数达22.54%,从而显著提高水稻成熟期生物量达18.95%,增加当季水稻产量达18.88%,其中穗部生物量增幅达15.3%。稻草还田显著增加成熟期水稻地上部总氮、磷、钾素积累量,其中穗部氮、磷、钾素积累量增幅分别为13.2、5.2、4.73 kg/hm^2。稻草还田能显著增加种植后土壤碱解氮含量达14.67%。

As the most convenient utilization method of rice straw,returning straw to the field is of great positive significance to rice production and soil fertility.In order to investigate the effects of rice straw returning on soil nutrients and the growth of mechanically transplanted rice,comparative experiments were carried out with two treatments of rice straw returning(HR)and no rice straw returning(BR),and the growth characteristics,rice yield,total soil nutrients and available nutrients were measured.The results showed that:rice straw returning significantly reduced the plant height of machine-transplanted rice by 4.1 cm,increased the effective tiller number by 3.2,increased the effective panicle number by 22.54%,significantly increased the biomass of rice at maturity by 18.95% and the yield of rice in the current season by 18.88%,and increased spike biomass by 15.3%.Rice straw returning significantly increased the accumulation of total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in aboveground part of rice at maturity stage.The increments of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulation in panicle were 13.2,5.2 and 4.73 kg/hm^2 respectively.Rice straw returning significantly increased the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen by 14.67%.