伊犁河谷雨养旱地栗钙土不同产量小麦土壤肥力差异分析

Analysis on Differences of Soil Fertility from Different Wheat Yield Farmland of Rainfed Upland Chestnut Soil in Yili Valley Plain

以伊犁河谷雨养旱地栗钙土区麦田为研究对象,通过采取田间调查、取样和实验室测定的方法,探索研究栗钙土旱作麦田耕层肥力指标的变化,研究新疆雨养旱地栗钙土不同产量水平土壤肥力差异,为新疆雨养旱作区土壤肥力的改良提供理论支撑和科学依据。结果表明,高产田与中产田的表土层和稳定层土壤有机质含量和CEC之间差异不显著,但均显著高于低产田;土壤有机质含量随土层深度加深下降趋势明显;不同产量水平栗钙土耕作层土壤全磷和全钾含量差异不明显;速效养分含量差异在耕作层随土层加深明显加大,高产田表土层碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别较低产田高62.2%、40.3%、34.5%,稳定层碱解氮、速效钾含量分别较低产田高50.6%、48.4%,犁底层碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别较低产田高80.8%、124.6%、70.5%;不同产量水平地块冬小麦产量与耕作层土壤有机质、速效钾含量呈极显著正相关,与CEC、全氮、碱解氮呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。提升伊犁河谷雨养旱地小麦产量的关键在于提高不同产量水平地块犁底层土壤肥力和改良低产田耕层土壤肥力性质,尤其是增加低产田土壤有机质含量。

This paper takes the wheat filed of the chestnut soil in the rainfed dryland of Yili Valley as the research object,the soil fertility characteristics of different yield levels in the rainfed and dryland of Xinjiang were studied to provide theoretical support and scientific basis for the improvement of soil fertility in the rainfed and dry farming areas of the region.The field survey,sampling and laboratory measurement methods were used to explore the changes of fertility index of the cultivating layer(0-40 cm)in the field of chestnut soil.The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil organic matter content and CEC between topsoil and stable layer in high-yield and middle-yield fields,but they were significantly higher than low-yield fields(P<0.05).The soil organic matter content decreased with the depth of the soil layer.There was no significant difference in soil total phosphorus and total potassium content in the tillage layer with different productivity levels,and the soil available nutrient content was significantly different at different yield levels.The available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of high-yield field topsoil were 62.2%,40.3%and 34.5%higher than that of low-yield field,respectively.The available nitrogen and available potassium of stable layer were 50.6%and 48.4%higher than that of low-yield field.The available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the plow layer were 80.8%,124.6%and 70.5%higher than that of low-yield field(P<0.05),and the difference in available nutrient content increased significantly with the depth of the soil layer in the tillage layer.The yield of winter wheat in different yield levels was significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter and available potassium in the main tillage layer(0-40 cm)(P<0.01),and positively correlated with CEC,total nitrogen and available nitrogen(P<0.05).The correlation between phosphorus,total potassium and available phosphorus was not significant.The key to improve wheat productivity of rainfed drylands in Yili Valley lies in improving soil fertility at the bottom of plough and improving soil fertility properties in low-yield fields,especially increasing soil organic matter content in low-yield fields.