生物炭配施化肥对土壤肥力及玉米生长的影响

Effects of Biochar and Fertilizer Application on Soil Fertility and Maize Growth

采用盆栽试验,以果园废弃枝条生物炭为试材,研究了不同用量生物炭与化肥配施(生物炭用量设4个水平(B0.0 g/kg、B1.1.25 g/kg、B2.5 g/kg、B3.20 g/kg),化肥用量设2个水平(F0.0 g/kg、F1.当地推荐施肥0.27 g/kg,共组合为8个处理))对玉米田土壤肥力、玉米干物质量及养分含量、玉米根系形态性状变化的影响。结果表明,生物炭与化肥配施在一定程度上改善了土壤理化性质,显著提高了土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮含量,但对速效磷、速效钾含量和pH的影响差异不显著;生物炭配施化肥促进了玉米对氮素、磷素的吸收,对钾素及玉米生物量的影响差异不显著;生物炭配施化肥增加了玉米总根长和根表面积,但对根直径及根体积影响差异不显著。研究结果可为生物炭在农业生产中的大规模应用及玉米高效增产提供技术支撑。

In this study,the wasted branches from apple orchard in dryland of China's Loess Plateau region were used as biochar preparation material,and pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different application amounts of biochar and fertilizer on soil fertility,and the changes of dry matter,nutrient content and root morphological characteristics of maize.Biochar had four levels:B0.0 g/kg,B1.1.25 g/kg,B2.5 g/kg,B3.20 g/kg,and fertilizer also included two levels:F0.0 g/kg,F1.local recommended fertilization 0.27 g/kg.The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were improved in varying degrees after the combination of biochar and chemical fertilizer application,and the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and available nitrogen were significantly affected,but the contents of soil available phosphorus,available potassium and pH were not significantly affected.The uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus on maize was promoted,whereas no significant change in potassium uptake and the biomass of maize.The length and surface area of maize root were increased,while the effects of root diameter and root volume were not obvious.In general,the combined application of carbon and fertilizer can enhance fertilizer utilization,improve soil fertility,promote maize root growth and nutrient uptake.This study results will provide technical support for the large-scale application of biochar in agricultural production and the high-efficiency increase of maize yield.