我国遗嘱信托中受益人权利保护的反思与修正

Reflection and Revision of Beneficiaries Rights Protection in China’s Wills Trust

信托制度作为英美法系中巨额财富保值增值的制度保障,在实现财富的有效管理、促进资本最大化利用方面起到了相当的促进作用。作为信托制度的一种,遗嘱信托更是成为资本传承、财富保值的重要选择。但是,我国“一物一权”的制度现状以及缺乏英美法系国家对资本的自由立法态度,减损了遗嘱信托中受益人应当享有的权利。究其原因,在于遗嘱信托登记公示制度不健全、委托人“不在场”导致监管缺位等问题。鉴于受益人权利的不确定状态,现行《信托法》应该从生效要件、财产归属及信托监管等方面入手,为遗嘱信托的发展奠定基础。

As an institutional guarantee for the preservation and appreciation of huge wealth in the Anglo American legal system,the trust system has played a considerable role in promoting the effective management of wealth and promoting the maximization of capital utilization.As a kind of trust system,the will trust is an important choice for capital inheritance and wealth preservation.However,due to the current status of China’s“one thing and one right”system,there is a lack of free and legislative attitudes toward capital in the Anglo American legal system,which detracts from the rights that beneficiaries should have in the will trust.The reason for this is that the probate trust registration system is not perfect,and the client is not present,which leads to the lack of supervision.In view of the uncertain status of the beneficiary’s rights,the current“Trust Law”should start from the aspects of the effective conditions,property ownership and trust supervision,and lay the foundation for the development of the will trust.