北方农牧交错区风蚀退化农田地力至损与培育研究

Study on the soil strength loss and cultivation of wind-eroded farmland in the farming-pastoral crisscrossing area of Northern China

我国北方农牧交错区的土壤风蚀是耕地退化和生产力水平下降的主要原因,农田扬尘污染极大地影响了我国农业生态环境建设与保护,已经成为我国北方“山水林田湖草”生命共同体建设的短板。因此,加强北方农牧交错区农田土壤风蚀的防治和地力培育工作是解决我国北方生态环境和农业生产问题的关键。文章针对大兴安岭沿麓、燕山丘陵区和阴山沿麓等典型生态类型区农田土壤退化、地力下降和资源利用效率低等问题,在长期定位试验、室内控制试验和模拟试验的基础上,结合文献资料分析,揭示了风蚀退化农田耕层结构劣化的风蚀作用机制、土壤肥力下降机理和持水力变化特征,创新了风蚀退化农田地力培育与可持续利用关键技术与模式,为内蒙古以及北方农牧交错区农田风蚀防治和可持续培用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。

The soil wind erosion is the main reason for the degradation of cultivated land and the decline of productivity in the agro-pastoral region in Northern China.The dust pollution of farmland has greatly affected the construction and protection of the agricultural ecological environment in China,and has become a shortboard for the construction of the life community of“mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,and grasses”in Northern China.Therefore,improving the prevention and control of wind erosion and soil fertility cultivation in farmlands in the farming-pastoral interlacing areas in the north is the key to solving the problems of the ecological environment and the agricultural production in the north of China.This paper aims at the problems of the soil degradation,the soil fertility decline,and the resource utilization efficiency in the typical ecological areas of The Greater Hinggan Mountains along the foothills,Yanshan hills and Yinshan foothills.Based on the long-term positioning test,the indoor control test,and the simulation test,combined with the analysis of the literature data,the mechanism of wind erosion,the mechanism of the soil fertility decline,and the characteristics of the water holding capacity were revealed;the key technologies and models of cultivation and sustainable utilization of the wind erosion degraded farmland were innovated,which provided a theoretical basis and technical support for prevention and control of wind erosion and sustainable cultivation of farmland in Inner Mongolia and the agro-pastoral region in Northern China.