电车难题、隐私保护与自动驾驶

Trolley Problem,Privacy Protection of Automatic Driving

自动驾驶将深刻改变我们的生活形态,其带来的伦理困境与隐私冲突也将集中呈现。伦理困境在个体层面体现为事故时的“电车难题”等伦理选择问题,可以通过在危机处理时“量化价值”并预先嵌入“道德代码”,使软件的行为逻辑符合人类社会的伦理准则;就社会层面而言,可以通过考察和建立多元化协作平台的方式处理自动驾驶车辆事故及其责任分配问题。在隐私保护方面,乘客需要向自动驾驶这一“透明监狱”交付大量重要的个人信息以换取足够的便利,涉及网络隐私保护和信息泄露等问题。可通过成立数据管理组织管理信息的合法使用,从而实现乘客、数据管理组织、政府以及软件供应商等共同努力保护信息安全和乘客隐私,克服软件脆弱性导致的信息泄露等问题。自动驾驶的到来难以抗拒,但这些问题必须优先得到解决。

Automatic driving will profoundly change our life style,in the meantime,the ethical dilemma and privacy conflict of“automatic driving”will also emerge.The ethical dilemma is embodied at the individual level as ethical choices such as"trolley problem"in accidents.In privacy protection,passengers need to deliver a large amount of personal important information to the prison of automatic driving for sufficient convenience,involving issues such as network privacy protection and information disclosure.By establishing a data management organization to manage the legitimate use of information,passengers,data management organizations,governments,and software suppliers can work together to protect information security and passenger’s privacy,thus overcoming information leakage caused by software vulnerabilities.The arrival of automatic driving is hard to resist,but these problems must be solved first.