黄河源区水文气象要素演变特征及响应关系

Evolution Characteristics and Response Relationships of Hydro-meteorological Variables in the Source Region of the Yellow River

黄河源区作为黄河的水塔,其水量的丰枯变化对黄河流域水资源开发利用至关重要。采用M-K秩次相关检验和有序聚类法分析了1961—2013年来黄河源区气温、降水和径流的演变特征,分阶段研究了降水-径流响应关系。结果表明:1961—2013年间,黄河源区气温显著升高,降水增加趋势微弱,实测径流整体呈微弱下降趋势;实测径流序列在1989年发生突变,由于兴建了生态保护工程,将实测径流系列划分为1961—1989年、1990—2000年和2000—2013年3个阶段,不同阶段的降水-径流相关性较好,阶段性差异明显,2000年以后的点群位置明显靠下,表明其他非降水因素对河川径流量的变化具有重要影响。

As the water tower of the Yellow River,the source area of the Yellow River is very important for the development and utilization of water resources in the Yellow River Basin.In this paper,the evolution of temperature,precipitation and runoff in the source area of the Yellow River during 1961 to 2013 has been analyzed by M-K rank correlation test and ordered clustering method,and the relation of precipitation and runoff is studied in stages.The results show that during 1961 to 2013,the temperature in the source region of the Yellow River has increased significantly,the increasing trend of precipitation is not obvious,and the measured runoff as a whole has shown a slight downward trend.The measured runoff series changed abruptly in 1989.Due to the construction of an ecological protection project,the measured runoff series were divided into three stages:1961-1989,1990-2000 and 2000-2013.The correlation between precipitation and runoff at different stages is sound,and the difference between stages is obvious.The position of the point cluster after the year of 2000 is obviously lower,indicating that other non-precipitation factors have an important influence on the change of river runoff.