基于遥感信息的土壤含水量监测站点规划

Planning of Soil Moisture Monitoring Station Based on Remote Sensing Information

布设土壤含水量监测站,依据实测信息校验水文预报中的土壤含水量计算过程,可有效缓解因土壤含水量计算偏差导致的水文预报误差,其中土壤含水量监测站点的代表性在一定程度上影响水文预报精度。阐述了土地覆盖产品数据、土壤分类数据和相应的信息提取方法,并以丰满样子哨流域为研究对象,从水文预报和试验研究的需求出发,结合三层空间分布(流域特征、土地覆盖和土壤类型)信息,统计了流域内具有代表性的流域特征和土地覆盖、土壤类型;结合各土地类型的空间分布、面积、占比等信息,采用统计分析方法初步规划了具有地形、土地利用和土壤代表性的3个土壤含水量监测站。该方法兼顾了流域的地形特征、土地覆盖和土壤的空间分布,具有一定代表性,可为其他流域测站规划提供参考。

Setting up soil moisture monitoring station and verifying soil moisture content in hydrological forecast according to the measured information can effectively alleviate the hydrological forecast error caused by the calculation deviation of soil moisture content.To some extent,the representativeness of soil moisture monitoring stations affects the accuracy of hydrological prediction.In this paper,the land cover product data,soil classification data and the corresponding information extraction methods were described.Taking the Yangzishao basin in Fengman district as the research object,based on the demand of hydrological forecast and experimental research,this paper combined the information of three-layer spatial distribution(basin characteristics,land cover and soil types)to make statistics on the representative basin characteristics,land cover and soil types in the basin.Combined with the information of spatial distribution,area and proportion of each land type,the three soil moisture monitoring stations with terrain,land use and soil representativeness were preliminarily planned by means of statistical analysis.This method takes into account the topographical characteristics,land cover and the spatial distribution of soil in the river basin,which is representative to some extent,and can provide a reference for other river basin station planning.