基于探空风资料的大气边界层不同高度风速变化研究

Research on Wind Changes at Different Heights in Atmospheric Boundary Layer Based on Sounding Wind Data

利用1981-2014年我国资料齐全的93个高空气象观测站(距离雷达300、600、900 m高度)的探空风资料,按照气象地理区划,借助GIS分析了边界层内不同高度风速及其趋势的时空变化,得到以下结论:300~900 m,东北和华北地区累年平均风速较大,西南和西北地区累年平均风速较小;边界层内各高度同一地区平均风速的月变化趋势基本一致,但各地区季节风速变化不同,同一地区月平均风速的年较差随高度上升而增大;300 m.各地区年平均风速均显著减小:在600和900 m.华北、西北、华中地区年平均风速呈增加趋势,东北地区年平均风速呈减小趋势,但均未通过显著性水平检验;各高度年平均风速空间分布均为东北地区较大,尤其大兴安岭和东北平原地带;从沿海到内陆,由东至西风速逐渐减小;在300 m.全国年平均风速以减小趋势为主;在600 m,全国大部分地区年平均风速呈增加趋势,尤其是中部、西北和华东沿海地区;在900 m高度,全国年平均风速变化趋势呈现由边界向内部的包围态势,中心地区呈增加趋势,边界地区均呈减小趋势,但是通过显著性水平检验的地区不多。

Based on the data of air sounding winds from 93 high-altitude meteorological stations(300 m,600 m and 900 m above the radar) in China from 1981 to 2014.the spatio-temporal variations of wind speed and its trends at different heights in the boundary layer were analyzed using GIS.The following conclusions were obtained.At the height of 300-900 m,the average wind speed over the years in Northeast and North China is larger,while the mean annual wind speed in Southwest and Northwest China is small relatively.The monthly variation trends of average wind speeds at different heights over the same area in the boundary layer are basically the same,but the seasonal wind speed variations in different regions are different.The annual range of monthly average wind speed in the same region increases with altitude.The annual average wind speed at 300 m altitude decreases significantly.At 600 m and 900 m heights,the average annual wind speeds in North China.Northwest China and Central China show an upward trend while the average annual wind speed in Northeast China shows a decreasing trend,but none of them have passed the significance level tests.The spatial distribution of average annual wind speed at all altitudes is relatively large in Northeast China,especially in the Greater Khingan Mountains and the Northeast Plain.The wind speed from east to west gradually decreases from the coast to the inland.At 300 m height,the annual average wind speed across China shows mainly a decreasing trend.At 600 m height,annual average wind speed in most parts of China shows an increasing trend,especially in Central China,Northwest China and the eastern coastal areas.At 900 m height,the change in annual average wind speed nationwide shows an encircling trend from the boundary to the interior,with the central area showing an increasing trend and the border areas a downward trend.However,not many areas have passed the significance level tests.