血红蛋白在高原低氧适应中的机制研究进展

Research progress on mechanism in adaptation of hemoglobin to plateau hypoxia

低氧分压是造成急性高山病的主要原因。机体中血红蛋白在氧的结合、利用、运输、释放中起着重要作用,增加血红蛋白的氧气结合量或者在组织中的供氧量有助于缓解高原病。但增加血红蛋白含量有一定的局限性,研究人员利用分子生物学的技术,寻找可调节血红蛋白构象的内源性或外源性物质,提高肺泡中的摄氧量或肺泡氧在组织中的利用率。目前有关变构调节剂改善血红蛋白亲和力的研究已取得一定进展,将这一机制运用到高原低氧的研究也正在展开。本文从血红蛋白与高原低氧的关系入手,阐述了血红蛋白的结构以及各种变构调节剂在低氧中发挥的作用,希望为寻找新的调节血红蛋白构象的物质提供理论依据。

Low oxygen partial pressure is the main cause of acute mountain sickness.Hemoglobin plays a crucial physiological role in the binding,utilization,transportation and release of oxygen in the body.To increase the capacity of oxygen binding of hemoglobin or the capacity of oxygen supply in tissues can help alleviate altitude sickness.However,increasing hemoglobin content has certain limitations.Using techniques from molecular biology,researchers are looking for endogenous or exogenous substances that can regulate the conformation of hemoglobin to increase oxygen uptake in the alveoli,or the availability of alveolar oxygen in the tissues.At present,the research on allosteric modulators to improve the affinity of hemoglobin has made some progress,and research on applying this mechanism to plateau hypoxia is also underway.This article reviews the relationship between hemoglobin and hypoxia,the structure of hemoglobin and the role of various allosteric modulators in hypoxia,which would provide information for finding new substances regulating the conformation of hemoglobin.