基于文献调研的中国自然保护地社区保护冲突类型及热点研究

Study on Categories and Hotspots of Community Conservation Conflicts in China’s Natural Protected Areas: Based on Literature Research

分析中国自然保护地社区保护冲突的类型和分布热点,并研究冲突分布与保护地自然、经济条件的相关性。采用基于已有文献的文本分析、绘图分析、核密度分析、叠加分析等方法进行研究。研究结果显示:中国自然保护地社区保护冲突可分为9类,其中限制访问冲突、农业和土地利用冲突、公园利益和税收分配、人类与野生生物冲突等4类较普遍;社区保护冲突的分布热点与森林资源分布有较强相关性,与社区经济收入状况相关性较弱;不同冲突类型的热点分布具有差异。研究结论包括:中国自然保护地社区保护冲突目前主要停留在物质层面,社区对于精神层面的损失尚不敏感,社区的直接资源利用受限是引发冲突的最常见原因。森林生态系统类保护地的社区保护冲突受到最多关注,且在不同经济发展水平的社区中广泛存在;不同类型冲突的热点分布存在差异,受社区资源依赖程度、旅游发展等多因素的影响。

The purpose of this study is to analyze the categories and hotspots of community conservation conflicts in China’s natural protected areas, and make a correlation analysis on conflicts distribution, and natural or economical condition. It employs the methods of text analysis, mapping, kernel density and overlay analysis based on literature review. The results indicate that there are nine categories of communities’ conservation conflicts. Among them, four categories are more common, which are the restricted access conflict, agriculture and land use conflict, park benefits and revenue distribution, and human-wildlife conflict. There is a strong correlation between conflict hotspots and forestry resource distribution, and there is a weak correlation between conflict hotspots and community economy and income condition. The hotspot distributions of four common kinds of conflicts are different. The study concludes that current community conservation conflicts in China’s natural protected areas mainly rest on the material aspect instead of the spiritual one. Limited direct resource utilization is the primary cause of conflicts. The conflicts in forestry ecosystem protected areas get the most attentions and exist in different economic development levels. The hotspots of each conflict category are different based on the factors of resource dependence of communities, tourism development and so on.