不同流域棉花品种纤维品质分布和地域分异研究

Distribution of Fiber Quality and Regional Differentation of Cotton Varieties in Different Regions

采用地理信息系统为信息处理技术方法,以黄河流域棉区、长江流域棉区、西北内陆棉区的早熟、中熟和早中熟类型的杂交棉和常规棉品种为试验材料,通过2005—2014年国家级棉花品种区域试验对棉纤维4个主要纤维品质性状(长度、马克隆值、比强度和纺纱均匀性指数)进行地域性分析研究。结果表明,中熟棉品种纤维长度达到纺中高档纱所需长度标准要求;黄河流域的河北北部中熟品种近几年纤维长度下降,长江流域的长江中下游地区纤维长度表现较好;中熟品种的纤维比强度分布大致呈自西向东、由北向南增加的趋势。三大棉区不同熟性类型马克隆值有明显差异。此外,黄河流域棉区的华北平原一带是适宜种植推广中长绒、高比强和高马克隆值的长强粗纤维的常规棉品种的区域,黄河流域棉区的黄土高原一带是适宜种植推广普通高产型的短弱粗纤维的常规棉品种的区域。长江流域中下游棉区是适宜种植推广中长绒、高比强和高马克隆值的长强粗纤维的杂交棉品种区域。而西北内陆棉区的东疆地区是适合推广种植长强细的优质常规棉品种或长绒棉品种的区域,可以作为我国棉纺工业纺髙支纱的重要优质棉生产基地。总之,西北内陆棉区常规棉仍然是我国棉花品质性状表现最具发展潜力的品种类型。

The 4 major fiber quality traits of fiber length,micronaire,strength and spinning consistency index of different maturity cotton types were analyzed by Geographic Information System(GIS)method.Datasets were collected from national cotton regional trials in China during 2005-2014,fiber quality of hybrid and conventional cotton varieties including early-maturing,early-medium maturing and medium maturing variety trial groups in the Northwest Inland Valley(NWIV),the Yellow River Valley(YeRV)and the Yangtze River Valley(YaRV).The results showed that the range of fiber length distribution of medium mature cotton varieties reached the requirement of the standard of high quality yarn.Fiber length of medium maturing varieties in north Hebei of YeRV declined in recent years.The fiber specific strength of medium maturing varieties was distributed in the decreasing trend of west to east and north to south.Besides,the YeRV of North China plain area was suitable to plant velvet length,high specific and high values for clones long strong crude fiber of conventional cotton varieties,the YeRV of the Huangtu Plateau area was suitable planting region of ordinary high yield promotion in the short weak crude fiber of conventional cotton varieties.In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River cotton area was suitable to plant velvet length,high specific and high values for clones long strong crude fiber hybrid cotton variety.And northwest inland region of eastern Xinjiang region was suitable to plant long fine quality of conventional cotton varieties or cotton variety,which can be used as an important high-quality cotton production base for China's cotton industry spinning high yarn.In general,the northwest inland conventional cotton was the most promising variety.