断奶仔猪日粮添加不同水平乳制品对断奶-育肥猪生长性能、腹泻率和肉品质的影响

Effects of different levels of dairy products on growth performance,diarrhea rate and meat quality of weaning to finishing pigs

本研究以断奶仔猪为研究对象,对断奶期-育肥期猪的生长性能、血液生化指标、胴体特征进行评价。试验采用完全随机试验设计,将320头断奶仔猪[平均体重为(7.01±1.32)kg]按体重和性别分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复10头。断奶期日粮分别添加0、10%、20%和30%乳制品(乳清粉和乳糖,1~2 w)以及0、5%、10%和15%乳制品(乳清粉和乳糖,3~5 w)。断奶期间(1~5 w)仔猪饲喂试验饲料,所有仔猪在生长期(6~19 w)饲喂相同的商品饲料。结果 :仔猪体重、日增重和日采食量随日粮乳制品添加水平的升高显著线性增加(P <0.05)。其中体重在5和13 w线性升高(P <0.05),日采食量在5~9 w表现为显著线性升高(P <0.05),而饲料效率在14~17 w表现为显著二次曲线效应(P <0.05)。各处理组间血清尿素氮浓度无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。随着断奶仔猪日粮乳制品添加水平的升高,最长肌粗蛋白质表现为二次曲线效应(P <0.05),粗灰分含量呈线性降低(P <0.05),蒸煮损失呈线性增加(P <0.05),系水力呈线性降低(P <0.05)。结论 :断奶仔猪日粮中添加5%~10%的乳制品对生长育肥期的效果与日粮中添加0或15%~30%乳制品的效果相当,对育肥猪生长性能无负面影响。

The growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and carcass characteristics of weaning-finishing piglets were evaluated. A total of 320 weaning piglets(average weight 7.01±1.32 kg)using a completely randomized design,were divided into 4 treatments according to weight and sex,with 8 replicates in each group and 10 replicates in each group. During weaning,0,10,20,and 30% dairy products(whey powder and lactose,1 ~ 2 w)and 0,5,10,and 15% dairy products(whey powder and lactose,3 ~ 5 w)were added to diets. Piglets were fed experimental feed during weaning(1 ~ 5 w)and all piglets were fed the same commercial feed during growing(6 ~ 19 w). Results :piglets’ body weight,daily weight gain and daily feed intake increased linearly with the increase of dietary dairy products(P < 0.05). Among them,body weight increased linearly at 5 and 13 w(P < 0.05),daily feed intake increased linearly at 5 ~ 9 w(P < 0.05),and feed efficiency showed a significant quadratic effect at 14 ~ 17 w(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum urea nitrogen concentration between treatments(P > 0.05). With the increase of dietary dairy products added in weaned piglets,crude protein of longest muscle showed conic effect(P < 0.05),crude ash content decreased linearly(P < 0.05),cooking loss increased linearly(P < 0.05),and shear force decreased linearly(P < 0.05). In conclusion,adding 5% ~ 10% dairy products to the diet of weaned piglets has the same effect on growth and fattening period as adding 0 or 15 ~ 30% dairy products to the diet,and has no negative effect on the growth performance of fattening pigs.