药品集中带量采购对我国医药产业集中度的影响——基于产业经济学视角的分析

The Influence of Drug Centralized Group Procurement Policy to Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry——An Analysis Based on Perspective of Industrial Economics

2019年,我国组织开展了新一轮药品集中采购(以下简称"集采")和使用试点,并逐步扩大集采范围。本文以产业经济学视角分析认为:在市场规模方面,药品集采政策提升了医药企业追求规模经济的动机,为少数具有规模优势、研发能力强、资源整合能力强的企业扩大规模提供了机会;在市场容量方面,集采政策影响不大,市场容量相对稳定;在市场壁垒方面,药品集采政策要求仿制药通过质量和疗效一致性评价的规定,实则为药品市场增加了进入性壁垒,对中小仿制药药企尤其是产品线单一、研发薄弱的药企形成一定冲击。因此,从产业经济学视角看,集采政策具备了提升产业集中度的必要条件,同时借鉴美国药品集团采购的历史经验,可推测未来我国医药产业集中度有提升趋势。

In 2019, Chinese government initiated drug centralized group procurement pilots and then expanded the policy to the whole country. Based on the theory of industrial economics, this paper attempts to analyze the influence of this policy on the concentration of Chinese pharmaceutical industry. In terms of enterprise scale, the procurement policy promotes the motivation of pharmaceutical enterprises to pursue large-scale economy, and encourages the innovation and progress of patent drugs, thereby provides a small number of high efficiency enterprises with opportunities to expand scale. In terms of market capacity, the influence of drug centralized group procurement is relatively small, and the relative stability of market capacity is conducive to the improvement of industry concentration. In terms of market entry threshold, the policy requires the generic drugs for passing the quality and efficacy consistency evaluation, which in fact increases entry threshold to the drug market, and the small and medium-sized generic pharmaceutical enterprises especially those weak in R&D will be adversely affected. According to analysis, it is speculated that the concentration of Chinese pharmaceutical industry show an increase trend in the future.