新世纪以来泰国公民政治参与的阶层分析

The Class Analysis of Citizen Political Participation in Thailand since the New Century

发展中国家经济的发展延缓了公民阶层间的流动性,公民阶层的分化趋于稳定。与此同时,社会的稳定与经济、文化水平的提升,亦使得社会各阶层对政治参与提出了新的诉求。作为东南亚首批迈进民主化行列的国家之一,自新世纪以来泰国公民的政治参与意识和诉求日渐强烈,中产阶层和农民阶层不断进行政治博弈,时局的变化也让中产阶层在政治参与的态度以及政党倾向上发生改变。通过运用“亚洲晴雨表调查”第一波到第四波的数据,分析各阶层是如何影响泰爱泰党时期、民主党时期和军人政府时期公民的政治参与,可以看出中产阶层在政党倾向上并非一直是青睐民主党,在民主党执政时期中产阶层的支持度在下降,转而支持泰爱泰党。另外,中产阶层在政治参与方面的表现也值得关注,他们一方面积极参与投票,另一方面在起初主要参与竞选集会和接触官方政府的基础上,逐渐发展成为竞选集会、接触官方政府和游行示威三种非制度性政治参与类型,显示出他们对政治参与的积极态度,从而进一步验证了中产阶层是政治发展的推动者。

As one of the first sates in southeast Asia to enter the democratic group,Thailand is constantly trapped in the“strange political cycle”.Since the beginning of the new century,Thailanders have begun to vote for their own democratic government and street conflicts have been growing.This shows that Thailanders’awareness and demands for political participation are increasingly strong.This paper,by analyzing the data from the first to the fourth waves of the Asian Barometer Survey,reveals how people from different social classes expressed their own attitude toward political participation during the periods of Thai Rak Thai Party,the Democratic Party and Military Government respectively.A conclusion has been drawn that the middle class did not always favor the Democratic Party in terms of party preference.The middle class’s support for the Democratic Party declined during the period when it was in power.Instead,they supported the Thai Rak Thai party.On the one hand,the middle class actively participated in the voting.On the other hand,it has taken shape from campaign rallies and contacts with the government,and developed into participation in all three types of non-institutional political participation gradually.which shows its outstanding characteristics in the way and frequency political participation,further verifying that the middle class is the promoter of political development.