系统论视域下职业教育技能供需匹配机制研究

Research on Supply and Demand Matching Mechanism of Vocational Education Skills from the Perspective of System Theory

促进技能供需匹配是世界各国职业教育改革的普遍目标。以系统论审视,职业教育技能供需匹配机制横跨劳动力市场和教育准市场;用人单位、(潜在)劳动者、职业教育提供者、政府四大主体间存在信号释放、需求满足、干预响应三组关系。预测干预与自我调适是国际职业教育技能供需匹配机制的两大范式。我国职业教育技能供需匹配机制应从“供给驱动”转向“需求驱动”,具体策略包括:完善信号体系,提升技能需求释放的准确性;改进评价激励,改善技能供给反应的有效性;关注通用技能,增强供给满足需求的灵活性;强化产教融合,增强技能供需主体的共生性。

Promoting the matching of skills supply and demand is a common goal of vocational education reform all over the world.From the perspective of system theory,the supply and demand matching mechanism of vocational education skills spans the labor market and the education quasi-market.Three types of relationship exist among employers,(potential)laborers,vocational education providers and the government:signals releasing,demand satisfying,and intervention-response.The prediction-intervention and the self-adjustment are two typical international paradigms of skill matching mechanisms.China should shift the skill matching mechanism from‘supply-driven’to‘demand-driven’.Strategies include improving the signal system to improve the accuracy of skill demand release,changing evaluation incentives to enhance the effectiveness of skill supply response,paying attention to generic skills to increase the flexibility of supply-demand match,strengthening the industry-education integration to build the harmonious community of the supply and demand of skills.