中国省际服务业空间分布模式与差异分析

China’ Service Industry: Spatial Distribution and Difference between Regions

利用空间基尼系数、区位熵指数和集中化指数对中国服务业的空间分布及其分布模式进行分类研究表明:中国服务业增加值较高的省市区集中在东部地区,西部地区服务业增加值相对较低;各省区间服务业增加值的差异程度在1995~2017年间呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,同时形成了较强的空间集中分布格局。从服务业空间分布看,服务业增加值较高的地区集中在山东、江苏、上海和广东等东部沿海地区,西部地区服务业增加值相对较低,尤其是宁夏、甘肃、青海和西藏等省区。在服务业空间分布差异方面,各省级行政区服务业发展规模的差异程度在1995~2017年间整体上呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。1995~2017年各地区服务业空间分布类型归属变化不大,从服务业绝对规模与相对比较优势组合关系看,广东、上海和北京等属于I型,山东、江苏、河北和河南等属于Ⅱ型,安徽、江西、云南、贵州和新疆等属于Ⅲ型,天津、山西、甘肃、海南和西藏等属于Ⅳ型。

A classification research on the spatial distribution of Chinese service industry and the distribution pattern of it is carried out with Gini-coefficient,location entropy index and concentration index shows that provinces with higher value added in China service industry are concentrated in the eastern region while the value added of service industry in the western region is relatively low;and the difference between provinces in the value added of service industry rose first and then fell from 1995 to 2017,forming a spatial distribution pattern with strong concentration and a spatial difference pattern with comparative advantage.From the perspective of the spatial distribution of service industry,regions with relatively high value added of service industry are concentrated in coastal provinces,such as Shandong,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Guangdong and etc.while the value added of service industry in western provinces,especially Ningxia,Gansu,Qinghai and Tibet,is relatively low.In terms of the difference of the spatial distribution of service industry,the difference between provinces in the development scale of service industry generally shows a trend of rising first and then falling from 1995 to 2017;the change trend of the concentration of service industry in every province is roughly consistent with that of the difference of the development scale of service industry,and Guangdong,Jiangsu and Shandong were among the largest provinces of service industry;From 1995 to 2017,there was little change in the spatial distribution type of service industry in the regions above;and from the perspective of the combination of the absolute scale of service industry with the relative comparative advantage of service industry,Guangdong,Shanghai and Beijing belong to Type Ⅰ,Shandong,Jiangsu,Hebei and Henan belong to Type Ⅱ,Anhui,Jiangxi,Yunnan,Guizhou and Xinjiang belong to Type Ⅲ,and Tianjin,Shanxi,Gansu,Hainan and Tibet belong to Type Ⅴ.