老年压疮患者的照顾者负担及其影响因素的多中心研究

A multicenter study of burden on pressure sore caregivers and its influence factors

目的了解老年压疮患者主要照顾者的负担水平,分析主要照顾者负担影响因素。方法本研究纳入南京市3家三甲医院进行多中心调研,选取2018年1~12月收治的老年压疮患者的主要照顾者185例作为研究对象,采用自行设计的一般资料问卷(包含性别、年龄、健康状态、婚姻、文化程度、照顾者经济收入、与患者同住、在职、同患者关系等资料)、照顾者负担量表(CBI)对主要照顾者进行问卷调查,了解照顾者负担现状并采用多元线性回归分析影响压疮照顾者负担的相关因素。结果老年压疮患者的主要照顾者CBI得分为(45.18±8.39)分,无或轻度负担者51例(27.6%),中度负担者125例(67.6%),重度负担者9例(4.9%)。CBI 5个维度中时间依赖性负担得分最高,为(15.93±2.78)分。单因素分析结果显示,照顾者婚姻状态、照顾者与患者关系、是否与照顾者同住、照顾者在职状态等特征不同,均具有统计学差异(P<0.05);多元回归回归结果显示,影响主要照顾者负担的因素有照顾者与患者同住、照顾者在职及照顾者与患者关系(P<0.05)。结论本研究67.6%老年压疮患者的主要照顾者负担处于中度水平,医护人员在关注老年患者的压疮治疗时,同时应该关注老年压疮患者的主要照顾者负担水平,加强健康宣教,使其尽快适应照顾者的角色;针对其照顾者负担的影响因素,采取积极的方式减轻照顾者负担。

Objective To understand the burden level of primary caregivers of elderly patients with pressure sore and analyze its influence factors.Methods Three 3-A hospitals in Nanjing were included in this study for the multicenter investigation,and 185 primary caregivers of elderly patients with pressure sore who were admitted to our hospital from January to December 2018 were selected as the study objects.To understand the burden status of care and analyze the related factors of the burden on pressure sore caregivers by multiple linear regression,the primary caregivers were investigated by self-designed general information questionnaires(including gender,age,health status,marriage,education,economic income of caregivers,living with patients or not,working states,relationship with patients,etc.)and the caregiver burden inventory(CBI).Results The total score of CBI in the 185 primary caregivers was(45.18±8.39).And 51 cases(27.6%)of the primary caregivers had no or light burden,12 cases(67.6%)of the primary caregivers showed moderate burden,and 9 cases(4.9%)of the primary caregivers showed heavy burden.Among the five dimensions of CBI,the score of the time-dependent burden was the highest points,with(15.93±2.78)points.According single factor analysis,the marital status of the caregivers,the relationship between the caregivers and the patients,living with the patients or not,and the working status of the caregivers had significant influence on care burden(P<0.05).According to multiple regression analysis,living with the patients or not,the working status of the caregivers and the relationship between the caregivers and the patients had significant influence on care burden(P<0.05).Conclusion The primary care givers of burden of 67.6%elderly patients with pressure ulcers were at a moderate level.When the nurses paid attention to the intervention of pressure ulcers of the elderly patients,they should also focus on the primary caregivers of burden level,such as building health education,and making them adapt to the role of caregivers as soon as possible.We should take a positive approach to reduce the burden of the caregiver in view of the factors affecting the caregiver burden.