浅海起伏海面下气泡层对声传播的影响

Effects of wind-generated bubbles layer on sound propagation underneath rough sea surface in shallow water

分析了起伏海面下风浪引起的气泡层对海面反射损失和对声传播的影响.一方面,气泡层会改变原来水中的声速剖面;另一方面,气泡层会对声波产生散射和吸收作用.考虑以上两方面的因素,分析了不同风速下气泡层对海面反射损失和声传播损失的影响,仿真发现,在风速大于10 m/s时,对于2 k Hz以上频率时气泡层对小掠射角下海面反射损失的影响不可忽视.在给定的水声环境中,当声源深度和接收深度都为7 m时,风速为16 m/s的风浪下生成的气泡层,在10 km处对3 k Hz的声传播损失的影响达到8.1 d B.当声源深度和接收深度都为18 m时,风速为16 m/s的风浪下生成的气泡层,在10 km处对3 k Hz的声传播损失的影响达到4 d B.

The reflection coefficient of the flat sea surface in the ideal condition to the incident sound wave is–1.The perfect reflection effect does not introduce reflection loss.However,the sea surface is usually rough due to the wind.The wind-generated rough sea surface has not only reflection effect,but also scattering effect on the sound wave.At the same time,the wind-generated bubbles layer also has significant effect on the sound propagation.On the one hand,the bubbles layer can change the sound speed profile and result in the refraction of the incident sound wave.On the other hand,the bubbles layer has scattering effect and absorption effect on the incident sound wave and leads to the sound wave to attenuate.In fact,the rough sea surface and the bubbles layer are two main factors affecting the sound propagation in the windy weather at sea.Many researchers have paid much attention to the effect of the wind-generated rough sea surface on the sound propagation,but few of them have considered the effect of the wind-generated bubbles layer on the sound propagation.Based on the Ramsurf sound propagation model under the rough sea surface,the effects of windgenerated bubbles layer underneath rough sea surface on reflection loss and sound propagation with different wind speeds are analyzed.Based on the Hall-Novarini bubbles population model,the sound speed profile in the bubbles layer is modified and the attenuation coefficient due to scattering and absorption of the bubbles layer is calculated.The simulation results shows that when the wind speed is 10 m/s,the effect of the bubbles layer is significant on reflection loss with the frequencies higher than 2 k Hz.In the given underwater acoustic environment,for a frequency of 3 k Hz,when the source depth and the receiver depth are both 7 m,the enhancement of the transmission loss due to the bubbles layer is 2.6 d B for a wind speed of 13 m/s,and the enhancement is 8.1 d B for a wind speed of 16 m/s.And when the source depth and the receiver depth are both18 m,the enhancement of the transmission loss due to the bubbles layer is 2.5 d B for a wind speed of 13 m/s and the enhancement is 4 d B for a wind speed of 16 m/s.