锂离子电池三元正极材料掺杂工艺研究进展

Research Progress on Doping Technology of Ternary Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

三元层状镍钴锰(NCM)正极材料具有高电压、高容量、长循环寿命、安全性能好、无记忆效应、自放电小等优点,无论是在小型锂电池市场以及动力电池市场都有广阔地应用前景。随着对能量密度需求的日渐提升,NCM三元材料趋向于高镍化和高电压,但随着三元材料Ni含量的提高,阳离子混排以及充放电过程中相变等问题加剧,并且高电压下也会加剧材料结构变化。掺杂改性是一种简单有效地提升材料电化学性能的手段。本文从阳离子掺杂、阴离子掺杂及阴阳离子复合掺杂三个方面详细地综述了掺杂工艺对NCM三元正极材料电化学性能的改善,并对掺杂工艺的未来应用进行了展望。

NCM ternary cathode material has the advantages of high voltage,high capacity,long cycle life,good safety performance,no memory effect,and small self-discharge.It is widely used in the markets of small lithium battery and power battery.With the increasing demand for energy density,NCM ternary materials tend to be high in nickel and high voltage,but as the Ni content of ternary materials increases,problems such as cation mixing and phase change during charging and discharging are intensified.And high voltage will also aggravate the structural changes of the material.Doping modification is a simple and effective means to improve the electrochemical performance of the material.In this paper,the improvement of electrochemical performance of NCM ternary cathode material by doping process is reviewed in detail from cation doping,anion doping and anion-cation doping.The future application of doping process is prospected.