保留假体清创治疗人工关节置换后的急性感染

Debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention for the treatment of acute infection after total knee arthroplasty

背景:与翻修手术比较,保留假体清创治疗假体周围感染具有创伤小、耗时短、花费低等优势,但是关于保留假体清创的适应证和围术期管理还存在争议。目的:综述清创保留假体手术应用于假体周围感染的术前适应证、术中操作及术后抗生素应用。方法:英文文献检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、The Cochrane Library数据库,年限为2000至2018年,检索关键词为“total knee arthroplasty、periprosthetic joint infection、Diagnose、treatment”。中文文献检索中国知网、万方数据库,检索年限为2000至2018年,检索关键词为“关节置换术、术后感染、保留假体清创术”。筛选相关文献,统计文献保留假体治疗关节置换后感染的成功率,总结最为准确的诊断标准及治疗最有效的方法经验。结果与结论:目前关于关节置换后感染的诊断国际上没有统一的标准,有很多组织提出了一些共识和指南,其中Parvizi等综合其他共识和指南提出了新的假体周围感染诊断标准,其敏感性和特异性都较高,得到了大多数人的认可。保留假体清创适用于稳定且固定良好的假体、症状持续时间短、软组织良好且无窦道形成的患者。术中应该彻底清除感染坏死组织及疑似感染的组织,碘伏水浸泡半小时,更换新的垫片,清创完全后对重新消毒铺巾更换一套新的手术工具。术后应根据培养结果联合应用敏感的抗生素,院外口服利福平4个月。保留假体清创是治疗早期急性关节置换后感染的最佳方法,具有患者痛苦小、花费少、接受度高、避免翻修等优势。

BACKGROUND: Compared with revision surgery, debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention for treatment of periprosthetic joint infection has the advantages of fewer traumas, shorter time, and lower cost. However, the indications and perioperative management are still controversial.OBJECTIVE: To review the application of preoperative indication, intraoperative operation and postoperative antibiotic application of debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention for the periprosthetic joint infection.METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and The Cochrane Library database were retrieved from 2000 to 2018. The key words were “total knee arthroplasty, periprosthetic joint infection, diagnose, treatment”. Chinese literature was searched in the Wanfang database and CNKI from 2000 to 2018, and the key words were “arthroplasty, postoperative infection, debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention”. Relevant literatures were screened, and the success rate of retained prosthesis in the treatment of infection after joint replacement was counted. The most accurate diagnostic criteria and the most effective treatment methods were summarized.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, there is no unified international standard for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection after joint replacement. Many organizations have put forward some consensus and guidelines. Parvizi et al. proposed new diagnostic criteria for periprosthetic joint infection based on other consensus and guidelines, which is highly sensitive and specific, and has been accepted by most people. Debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention is suitable for patients with stable and well-fixed prosthesis, short symptom duration, good soft tissue, and no sinus tract formation. During the operation, the infected necrotic tissue and the suspected infected tissue should be thoroughly removed. The iodine-blood water should be soaked for half an hour;the new gasket should be replaced;and the sterilized towel should be replaced with a new set of surgical tools. According to the results of postoperative culture, sensitive antibiotics were combined and rifampin was taken orally out of hospital for 4 months. Debridement antibiotics irrigation and implant retention is the best method for the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection, and has the advantages of less pain, less cost, high acceptance and avoiding revision.