家庭养老困境中的“诉苦”——基于农村老年人心理干预的探索性研究

“Complaint about sufferings” in the dilemma of family care for the elderly An exploratory study based on the psychological intervention for the rural elderly

社会变迁中,农村养老,特别是家庭养老困境不利于老年人生活质量与身心健康。本研究以北京农村开展的老年心理干预研究为基础,把"诉苦"作为一套技术,组织和联系起老年人,并通过聆听和透视"苦"的真相,来揭示农村老年人面临的养老困境,其根本是家庭养老弱化、代际关系脆弱带来的一系列现实问题。这些困境使得本项干预研究具有了事实基础。"诉苦"这套技术作为干预策略的核心与线索,研究者通过"诉苦"技术的采用,一方面帮助老人获得正向意义与支持,一定程度上满足老人表达情感的需求、渴望国家关注的需求、期待体制精英的关注和寻求群体认同等;另一方面研究者发展"诉苦"成为一套技术手段,有效地组织老人参与干预活动,从而提升老人心理健康。

In the process of social changes,the dilemma of family care for the elderly,especially in the rural area of China,has exerted negative impacts on the life and mentality of the aged. Based on the psychological? intervention project carried out in rural Beijing,this research has adopted the means of"complaint about sufferings"to reveal the truth of the life of the aged and the causes of the old-age dilemma. It has concluded that the root causes are the poor home old-age care and the weak intergenerational connections. The means of"complaint about sufferings"as the core and guideline of such intervention can help the aged get self-esteem and support,somewhat satisfy their emotional needs,their desire for the government’s and the elite’s care as well as the group identity. At the same time,the means of"complaint about sufferings"can effectively help the aged to join the intervention for improving their mental health.