生态学：开启生物与环境之间内在深层关联——纪念生态学创始人恩斯特·海克尔逝世100周年

Ecology:Initiating the Deep Inner Connection between Biology and Environment——In Honor of the 100th Death Anniversary of Ernst Haeckel,the Founder of Ecology

2019年是生态学创始人恩斯特·海克尔逝世100周年。自海克尔首次提出"生态学"概念以来,生态学的内涵和外延在原有意义上不断扩充并持续丰富,且研究领域与研究范围也随之日趋扩大,开启了生物与环境之间内在的深层关联。文章从海克尔生态学概念提出的初始背景进行历史回溯,探讨生态学的含义及其理论初始界定,以及生态学从生物与环境的关系到人与自然和谐共生的时代跃迁,以此纪念海克尔这位奠定人类生态学基础并开启人类生态学时代的杰出而伟大的生态学家。

The year of 2019 marks the 100th death anniversary of Ernst Haeckel,the founder of ecology.Since Haeckel founded the concept of“ecology”,its connotation and denotation have been continuously expanded and enriched beyond the original meanings,and the research field and scope have also been gradually extended so as to initiate the deep inner connection between biology and environment.This paper traces the history of ecology from the background where Haeckel first made the proposal,explores the significance and original definition of the theory,and reviews the development of ecology from focusing on the relationship between biology and environment to paying attention to the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.This paper,therefore,is in honor of Haeckel,the outstanding and great ecologist who laid the foundation of human ecology and initiated the era of human ecology.