高温测量及其校准技术研究现状与发展趋势

Research Status and Development Trend of High Temperature Measurement and Calibration Technology

热电偶、热电阻及辐射温度计等温度传感器在技术上已经成熟,可广泛应用于军事和民用领域.但在极端环境下,有许多研究对象需要测量的是高温,由于有高压、高旋、高冲击、强噪声等环境因子引入,会对测试系统产生强耦合干扰,导致测不了、测不准、活不了问题的存在,给传感测试技术领域带来极大挑战.通过总结分析不同测温技术的优缺点和技术难点,针对高温参数测不了难题,从高动态层面提出了超声波导测温、原子发射光谱测温、光纤黑体腔测温3种方法,实现了2 200℃的高温测试;针对测不准难题,从高精度层面提出了光机电算一体化的溯源性瞬态表面温度动态校准系统,实现了2 000℃高温的精确动态测量;针对活不了难题,从高可靠层面研究了3 000℃极端环境下的存储测试与防护方法.

Temperature sensors such as thermocouples,thermal resistors and radiation thermometers are mature in technology and can be widely used in military and civil fields.However,in extreme environments,there are many research objects that need to measure high temperature.Because of the introduction of environmental factors such as high voltage,high rotation,high impact,and strong noise,strong coupling interference are generated to the test system,resulting in inability to measure,inaccurate,and unable to survive.These problems bring great challenges to the field of sensor testing technology.This paper summarized the advantages and disadvantages and technical difficulties of different temperature measurement techniques.For the unmeasurable problem of high temperature parameters,from the high dynamic level,the ultrasonic,atomic emission spectrometry and fiber blackbody cavity temperature measurement methods in high temperature environment were proposed,a temperature of 2 200 ℃ was realized;for the problem of inaccurate measurement,from the high-precision level,the traceability transient surface temperature dynamic calibration system integrated with opto-mechanical calculation was proposed,which realized accurate dynamic measurement of high temperature above 2 000 ℃;for the problem of unable to survive,from the high reliability level,the storage test and protection method under the extreme environment of 3 000℃ were studied.