反刍动物低蛋白日粮应用的研究进展

Advances in the application of ruminant low protein diets

我国蛋白质类饲料资源紧缺,畜牧业发展迅速,畜禽存栏量不断增加,畜禽饲料利用率低,养殖业产生的排放物造成愈加严重的环境污染等,这些都制约着我国饲料业和畜牧业的发展。而采用氨基酸平衡低蛋白日粮技术可缓解以上问题,且不会降低畜禽的生产性能。目前,此技术在单胃动物上研究较多并取得预期的效果。而反刍动物因有独特的瘤胃,更适于降低日粮蛋白质水平补充非蛋白氮和氨基酸以达到节能减排的目的。文章以氨基酸平衡低蛋白日粮在猪、鸡的应用为基础,就反刍动物生理消化特点,探讨低蛋白日粮在其的适用性,并展望低蛋白日粮补充氨基酸和非蛋白氮物质在反刍动物上的应用前景,这对建立反刍动物最佳营养策略具有重要意义。

China's protein feed resources are lacking,animal husbandry is developing rapidly,live⁃stock and poultry stocks continue to increase,livestock and poultry feed utilization is low,and animal husbandry emissions have caused serious environmental pollution.These aspects have constrained the development of China's feed industry and animal husbandry.Low protein diet technology in the amino acid balance mode can alleviate these problems without reducing the growth performance of livestock.At present,this technique has been studied in monogastric animals and achieved the desired results.Ruminants have unique rumen and rumen microbial flora,which makes ruminants more suitable for re⁃ducing protein level and amino acid supplementation in order to save energy and reduce nitrogen emis⁃sions.Based on the application of amino acid balanced low protein feed in pigs and chickens,and ac⁃cording to the physiological digestion characteristics of ruminants,the applicability of low protein feed in ruminant feeding was discussed.The application prospect of low protein diet supplemented with ami⁃no acids and non-protein nitrogen in ruminants was prospected.It is of great significance to formulate the best nutritional strategy for ruminants.