澳大利亚劳动仲裁制度的历史演变与评价

The Historical Evolution and Evaluation of Australian Labor Arbitration System

作为澳大利亚传统的劳动关系处理模式,强制仲裁制度贯穿了澳大利亚20世纪大部分时间,该制度建立了政府对劳动关系的主导,对澳大利亚劳动关系的稳定和经济与社会的发展有着深远的影响。自20世纪80年代以来,澳大利亚在劳动关系领域实施了深刻的"新自由主义"改革,强调市场基础上劳资双方的自主谈判和协商,强制仲裁制度出现重大转变,劳资冲突与对抗增加。工党政府扭转了劳动关系过分自由化的倾向,增加了对劳工权益的保护,重新实现了劳资双方的平衡。澳大利亚劳动仲裁制度的历史演变,对劳动关系的协调有着重要的启示意义。

The compulsory arbitration system is the traditional mode of handling labor relationship in Australia,which ran through most time of the 20 th century. The compulsory arbitration system established the government’s leading role in labor relations and had a profound impact on the stability of Australia’s labor relations and development of economy and society. Since the 1980 s, Australia has carried out a profound "new liberalism" reform in the field of labor relations, emphasizing the independent negotiation and consultation between labor and capital on the basis of the market system. The compulsory arbitration system thus undergone a radical change and labor conflicts increased a lot.The ALP government reversed the tendency of over-liberalization in labor relations field, increased the protection of labor rights and interests, and re-realized the balance between labor and capital. The historical evolution and revaluation of Australia’s labor arbitration system is of great significance to the coordination of labor relations.