中国劳动人口的学历与幸福——基于CGSS(2015)调查数据的经验分析

Education and Happiness of Chinese Labor Force——Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS(2015) Survey Data

主观幸福感是主体各层次需要得到满足后所产生的积极性的情绪,并获得持续的快乐体验。本研究主要使用CGSS(2015)对6200多名全国各省劳动人口的学历分布、主观幸福感及其影响因素进行统计分析。研究结果表明,我国劳动人口2015年时平均受教育年限已经超过10年,新增劳动人口的学历逐年提高。自评幸福感平均值在77分以上(满分100分),且存在明显的性别、城乡、婚姻、就业等差异。回归分析验证了以往的研究结论,收入是影响主观幸福感的首要因素,学历对主观幸福感既存在直接效应,也存在显著的中介效应。收入水平可解释大部分差异,但性别例外。女性劳动人口收入水平明显低于男性劳动人口,但前者的自评幸福感水平明显高于后者。

Subjective well-being is a kind of positive emotion which is produced after the needs of all levels of the subject are met and it can obtain a continuous happy experience. In this study, CGSS(2015) was used to analyze the educational background distribution, subjective well-being and its influencing factors of more than 6200 provincial labor population. The results show that in 2015, the average number of years of education for the working population in China has exceeded 10 years, and the education level of the new working population has increased year by year. The average score of self-rated happiness is above 77(full score being100), and there are obvious differences in gender,urban and rural areas, marriage, employment and so on. Regression analysis verifies the previous research conclusion that income is the primary factor affecting subjective well-being and education has both direct effect and significant intermediary effect on subjective well-being. Income levels account for most of the differences, with the exception of gender. The income level of female working population is significantly lower than that of male working population, but the self-rated happiness level of the former is significantly higher than that of the latter.