喷雾干燥法制备亚微米鞣酸铁/硝胺炸药复合微球及其催化性能

Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Submicron Iron Tannate/Nitramine Explosive Composite Microspheres from Spray Drying Process

为了研究鞣酸铁催化剂对固体推进剂中常见组分热分解性能的影响,采用超声喷雾干燥法制得三种亚微米复合微球(鞣酸铁(Ta-Fe)/六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)、鞣酸铁/黑索今(RDX)、鞣酸铁/奥克托今(HMX))。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和粒度分析等方法分别对复合微球的形貌、粒度和组分进行表征。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究复合微球中鞣酸铁对CL-20、RDX、HMX热分解的催化过程及动力学参数的影响。结果表明,鞣酸铁分布均匀,样品均呈球状颗粒,且流散性好,粒度为500~1000 nm;鞣酸铁能有效促进CL-20、RDX、HMX的热分解,使得CL-20、RDX、HMX的热分解峰温分别提前了17.2,8.2,11.5℃,其中鞣酸铁对CL-20的热分解催化效果最佳,Ta-Fe/CL-20复合微球的活化能与原料CL-20相比降低了9.6 kJ·mol……-1。

In order to study the effect of iron tannate catalyst on thermal decomposition properties of common components in solid propellants,three submicron composite microspheres,tannic acid and iron(Ta-Fe)/hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20),Ta-Fe/cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine(RDX)and Ta-Fe/cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX),were prepared by ultrasonic spray drying. The morphology,particle size and composition of these composites were characterized by SEM and granulometer analyser. The effect of Ta-Fe on the thermal decomposition catalytic properties and kinetic parameters of CL-20,RDX and HMX were studied by differential scanning caloriometry(DSC). Results show that Ta-Fe distributes evenly with spherical particles and good dispersibility,and the particle size distribution range is 500-1000 nm. Ta-Fe effectively promotes the thermal decomposition of CL-20,RDX and HMX,whose peak thermal decomposition temperatures decrease by 17.2,8.2 ℃ and 11.5 ℃,respectively. Especially,Ta-Fe/CL-20 has the best catalytic effect,whose activation energy is 9.6 kJ·mol^-1 lower than raw CL-20.