中国汽车企业产能利用率的测算及影响因素分析

Capacity Utilization Rate of China’s Automobile Enterprises:Measurement and Influencing Factors

中国是发展中大国,拥有庞大的汽车生产规模,提高产能利用率具有重要意义。SBM-DEA模型测算结果显示:1998-2013年中国汽车企业平均产能利用率为69.14%,其中,东部地区产能利用率略高于其他地区,国有企业产能利用率明显低于私人企业与外资企业,大型企业产能利用率明显低于中小型企业。基准回归与稳健性检验显示:市场需求、开放程度等对产能利用率有着正向影响,供给管理、沉没成本、金融支持等对产能利用率有着负向影响。

China is a large developing country which has a large automobile production scale. Therefore,it is highly significant for China to improve the capacity utilization rate. The result of the measurement of capacity utilization rate by SBM-DEA model shows the average capacity utilization rate of automobile enterprises is 69.14% during 1998-2013. The capacity utilization rate in the eastern region is slightly higher than that in other regions,and that of state-owned enterprises is significantly lower than that of private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises,and that of large-scale enterprises is significantly lower than that of small and mediumsized enterprises. The benchmark regression and robust test display that market demand and openness have a positive impact on capacity utilization,but supply management,sunk costs and financial support have a negative impact.