以奥马哈系统为框架的健康行为干预 在肝硬化病人家居防护中的应用

Application of health behavior intervention based on Omaha system in home protection of patients with cirrhosis

目的:以奥马哈系统为框架构建健康相关行为干预措施,指导肝硬化病人家居防护。方法:随机选取出院后肝硬化病人37例,制订以奥马哈系统为框架的健康行为随访流程及随访表,进行2次家居随访及1次电话随访,对病人健康问题进行前瞻性干预,观察其健康问题出现的频次情况,在环境领域、心理社会领域、生理领域和健康相关行为领域的认知、行为、状态改善情况。结果:通过随访干预病人健康问题的频次不断减少(P<0.01),对环境领域、心理社会领域、生理领域和健康相关行为领域的认知、行为、状态也有明显改善(P<0.01)。结论:以奥马哈系统为框架的健康行为干预措施能够切实有效地指导医护人员的家居随访实践,为病人提供有针对性的护理干预措施,使其出院后仍能持续得到全面照顾,健康行为不断改善,值得应用和推广。

Objective:To construct health-related behavior interventions based on Omaha system to guide the home protection for patients with cirrhosis.Methods:Thirty-seven patients with cirrhosis after discharge were randomly selected,and the health behavior follow-up process and follow-up table based on Omaha system were established.Two home follow-ups and one telephone follow-up were carried out.The patients′health problems were prospectively intervened,the occurrence frequency of health problems and improvement of cognition,behavior,state in the field of environment,psychosociology,physiology and health-related behavior were observed.Results:The occurrence frequency of health problems of patients was decreased gradually through follow-up intervention(P<0.01).The cognition,behavior and state in the field of environment,psychosociology,physiology and health-related behavior were also improved significantly(P<0.01).Conclusions:The health behavior interventions based on Omaha system can effectively conduct the home follow-up practice,provide appropriate nursing interventions for patients to help them continuously acquiring the comprehensive care after discharge,and improve their health behavior,which is worthy of popularization and application.