甘肃凉州达氏宗族的文化实践:“边汉社会”的又一类型及概念再思——兼与石峰教授讨论

The cultural practice of Da lineage in Liang Chou District Gansu Province: Another type of “Marginal Han Society”——A discussion with professor shi feng

甘肃凉州达氏宗族的祖先是畏兀儿人,明初来自哈密。他们于明代中后期到清代初年在军事领域里取得了成功,并将这种成功作为一种社会资本兼象征资本投入到宗族建设中,使得宗族制度及其实践延伸到河西走廊,在那里创造了中心地区汉人移民边疆之外又一类型的"边汉社会"。宗族制度是汉人社会的一套符号表征系统,它们走到哪里,哪里就意味着被汉化的可能。达氏世系群通过军功与宗族建设,参与了帝国的边疆变成华夏或中华的历史叙事和过程。客观而言,宗族制度及其实践是军事之外的一个配套工程。宗族制度是汉人社会的核心特征,是判断边汉社会存在与否的关键。但作为一种文化,它又可以超越种族而生存和发展。

The ancestors of the Da lineage in Liangzhou of Gansu province were the Uihul people who came from Hami.They were militarily quite successful in the middle and latter periods of the Ming Dynasty and even in the early Qing Dynasty.They used such military success as an asset or a status symbol to expand the lineage all the way to the Hexi Corridor,where they established a different type of"marginal Han society"from those set up by Han immigrants from central areas.The lineage system is a symbol of the Han Chinese society.Wherever the Han Chinese go,a process of sinicization is likely to take place.With their military exploits and their lineage system,the Da lineage participated in the process where what used to be the frontier of the Chinese empire became its established territory.As a matter of fact,the lineage system is at the core of the Chinese society,a testing stone for judging whether a marginal Han Chinese society exists or not,though as a form of culture,it may exist and develop regardless of racial identities.